Sunan an-Nasa'i
Sunan an-Nasa'i 4868
What Is Mentioned In The Book Of Retaliation From Al-Mujtaba Which Is Not Contained In The Sunan: Interpreting The Saying Of Allah, The Mighty And Sublime: "And Whoever Kills A Believer Intentionally, His Recompense Is Hell To Abide Therein"
Arabic hadith text
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا ابْنُ شُمَيْلٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا فِرَاسٌ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " الْكَبَائِرُ الإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ وَالْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ "
Translation
It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin 'Amr that the Prophet said
"The major sins are: associating others with Allah, disobeying parents, killing a souls (murder) and swearing a false oath knowingly.
The Book of Oaths (qasamah), Retaliation and Blood Money - Sunan an-Nasa'i
This commentary examines the hadith from Sunan an-Nasa'i 4868 concerning major sins in Islamic jurisprudence.
Textual Analysis
The hadith enumerates four grave offenses: shirk (associating partners with Allah), disobedience to parents, unlawful killing, and intentional false oath.
These constitute "kaba'ir" (major sins) that require sincere repentance and carry severe consequences in Islamic law.
Scholarly Commentary
Shirk is the gravest sin as it violates tawhid (divine unity). Disobeying parents follows due to their rights resembling Allah's rights upon the servant.
Murder violates the sanctity of life established in Quran 5:32. False oath perverts justice and dishonors Allah's name.
Legal Implications
These sins carry both worldly and otherworldly consequences. Murder requires qisas (retaliation) or diyah (blood money) in Islamic criminal law.
False oath undermines judicial processes and commercial transactions, requiring expiation (kaffarah) as detailed in Quran 5:89.