"The Fitrah are five: Circumcision, removing the pubes, trimming the mustache, clipping the nails, and plucking the armpit hairs."
The Five Acts of Fitrah
The hadith enumerates five natural dispositions (fitrah) that align with human purity and Islamic guidance. These practices maintain cleanliness, distinguish Muslims in appearance, and follow the way of Allah's messengers.
1. Circumcision (Khitan)
Scholarly consensus affirms circumcision for males as an emphasized sunnah, facilitating purification from ritual impurities. Some jurists consider it obligatory. It represents submission to Allah's command and distinguishes the believer.
2. Removing Pubic Hair
This maintains bodily cleanliness and prevents accumulation of impurities. Scholars recommend removal at least every forty days, using any method that effectively removes the hair.
3. Trimming the Mustache
The Prophet ﷺ commanded trimming the mustache to avoid resemblance to disbelievers and maintain cleanliness. Scholars differ on whether complete shaving or merely shortening is preferred, but agree on keeping it neat.
4. Clipping the Nails
This prevents accumulation of dirt and impurities. Scholars recommend beginning with the right hand, then left hand, then right foot, then left foot. The maximum period between clippings should not exceed forty days.
5. Plucking Armpit Hairs
This eliminates sources of unpleasant odor and maintains personal hygiene. Any removal method is permissible, though plucking was mentioned specifically. Like pubic hair, it should be removed at least every forty days.
Juridical Status & Wisdom
Most scholars consider these acts collectively recommended (sunnah) rather than obligatory, though some individual items have stronger evidence. The wisdom encompasses physical cleanliness, spiritual purity, distinct Muslim identity, and following prophetic guidance in all aspects of life.