The Book of the Commencement of the Prayer - Sunan an-Nasa'i 911

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'There is no Salah for one who does not recite Fatihatil-Kitab or more.'"

Commentary on the Obligation of Recitation

This noble hadith establishes the fundamental obligation of reciting Surah al-Fatihah in every rak'ah of the prayer. The phrase "There is no Salah" indicates the prayer's complete invalidation without its recitation, making it a pillar (rukn) without which the prayer cannot be accepted.

The term "Fatihatil-Kitab" refers specifically to the Opening Chapter of the Qur'an, which contains seven verses essential for establishing communion with Allah. The phrase "or more" indicates that while al-Fatihah is the minimum requirement, additional Qur'anic recitation is commendable, particularly in the first two rak'ahs.

Scholarly Interpretation

According to the majority of scholars including Imam al-Shafi'i and Imam Ahmad, this hadith proves the obligatory nature of reciting al-Fatihah in every rak'ah for both the Imam and individual worshiper. The Hanafi school considers it obligatory (wajib) rather than a pillar, but all agree on its necessity.

The wisdom behind this obligation lies in al-Fatihah's unique status as containing praise, worship, and supplication - encompassing the essence of the servant's relationship with the Creator. It serves as the spiritual dialogue between the worshiper and Allah, with the servant praising and the Lord responding.

Practical Application

The recitation must be audible to oneself in silent prayers and audible prayers according to their respective rulings. One must recite it with proper pronunciation and contemplation, understanding its meanings of praise, servitude, and seeking guidance.

For those incapable of memorizing al-Fatihah, scholars permit reciting what one knows of the Qur'an. If unable to recite any Qur'an, one may engage in dhikr (remembrance of Allah) until capable of learning the obligatory recitation.