Hadith Text & Context

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever forgets a prayer, let him pray it when he remembers it, for Allah says: "and perform prayer when you remember (li dhikra).'" I said to Az-Zuhri: "Is that how the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) recited it?" He said: "Yes."

Reference: Sunan an-Nasa'i 620 from The Book of the Times (of Prayer)

Quranic Reference Explanation

The Prophet (ﷺ) references Quran 20:14: "Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer for My remembrance (li dhikrī)." Scholars explain the recitation "li dhikra" (when you remember) as a permissible variant reading (qirā'ah) that emphasizes the obligation to pray immediately upon remembering a forgotten prayer.

Legal Ruling (Fiqh)

This hadith establishes the fundamental principle that forgotten prayers must be made up (qadā') immediately upon remembrance. The scholars agree there is no sin in forgetting, but the obligation remains until fulfilled. The timing restriction applies only to voluntary (nafl) prayers, not obligatory (farḍ) makeup prayers.

Scholarly Commentary

Imam an-Nawawi states this hadith demonstrates the mercy of Islamic law, as forgetfulness is excused while maintaining worship obligations. The dialogue with Az-Zuhri confirms the authenticity of this Quranic recitation variant. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani explains the immediate performance requirement prevents further delay and emphasizes prayer's importance in maintaining constant remembrance of Allah.

Spiritual Significance

This teaching reflects Allah's comprehensive knowledge of human nature, providing practical solutions for spiritual shortcomings. The connection between prayer and remembrance (dhikr) highlights that salah is the ultimate form of remembering Allah, and making up missed prayers restores this vital spiritual connection.