"The Messenger of Allah enjoined Sadaqatul Fitr upon male and female, free and slave; a Sa of dates or a Sa of barley." He said: "The people considered that equivalent to half a Sa of wheat."
Hadith Text & Context
"The Messenger of Allah enjoined Sadaqatul Fitr upon male and female, free and slave; a Sa of dates or a Sa of barley." He said: "The people considered that equivalent to half a Sa of wheat." (Sunan an-Nasa'i 2501)
This hadith establishes the universal obligation of Zakat al-Fitr, demonstrating its comprehensive application across all social strata of the Muslim community.
Legal Ruling & Scope
Zakat al-Fitr is wajib (obligatory) for every Muslim, regardless of age, gender, or social status. The inclusion of "slave" indicates even those with limited means must fulfill this duty, though their master typically pays on their behalf.
The universality of this ruling emphasizes the collective nature of this purification and the communal responsibility during Eid celebrations.
Measurement & Commodities
The prescribed measure is one Sa' of dates or barley. A Sa' is approximately 2.03 kilograms or 2.6-3.0 liters according to classical measurements.
The companions' understanding that half Sa' of wheat sufficed reflects the relative value and nutritional density of wheat compared to dates and barley in their society.
Wisdom & Purpose
Zakat al-Fitr serves as purification for the fasting person from idle talk and obscenities during Ramadan, while also providing nourishment for the needy during Eid.
This ruling ensures all Muslims, rich and poor alike, can partake in the joy of Eid without hunger or want, fostering social harmony and solidarity.
Contemporary Application
Scholars permit paying the equivalent value in local currency, making it easier for recipients to obtain what they need most during Eid celebrations.
The wisdom of allowing staple foods of each region continues today, with most scholars permitting payment in rice, wheat, or other common staples where dates and barley are not primary foods.