Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2953
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ صَلَّى صَلاَةً لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ غَيْرُ تَمَامٍ " . قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ إِنِّي أَحْيَانًا أَكُونُ وَرَاءَ الإِمَامِ . قَالَ يَا ابْنَ الْفَارِسِيِّ فَاقْرَأْهَا فِي نَفْسِكَ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ " قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَسَمْتُ الصَّلاَةَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي نِصْفَيْنِ فَنِصْفُهَا لِي وَنِصْفُهَا لِعَبْدِي وَلِعَبْدِي مَا سَأَلَ يَقُومُ الْعَبْدُ فَيَقْرَأُ : (الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ) فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ حَمِدَنِي عَبْدِي فَيَقُولُ : (الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ) فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ أَثْنَى عَلَىَّ عَبْدِي فَيَقُولُ : ( مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ ) فَيَقُولُ مَجَّدَنِي عَبْدِي وَهَذَا لِي وَبَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي : (إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ) وَآخِرُ السُّورَةِ لِعَبْدِي وَلِعَبْدِي مَا سَأَلَ يَقُولُ : (اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ * صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ ) " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَى شُعْبَةُ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ . وَرَوَى ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَمَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي السَّائِبِ مَوْلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ زُهْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَ هَذَا . وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي وَأَبُو السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَ هَذَا . أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ وَيَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي وَأَبُو السَّائِبِ مَوْلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ زُهْرَةَ وَكَانَا جَلِيسَيْنِ لأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ صَلَّى صَلاَةً لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ غَيْرُ تَمَامٍ " . وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ هَذَا . وَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا زُرْعَةَ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالَ كِلاَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ صَحِيحٌ . وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ .
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah said, ‘A prayer in which a person does not recite the Mother of the Qur’an is deficient—deficient, incomplete.’ I said, ‘Abu Hurayrah, sometimes I pray behind an imam.’ He replied, ‘Ibn al-Farisi, recite it quietly to yourself, for I heard the Messenger of Allah say that Allah Most High said: “I have divided the prayer between Me and My servant into two halves, and My servant will have what he asks. When the servant says, ‘Praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the worlds,’ Allah says, ‘My servant has praised Me.’ When he says, ‘The Most Merciful, the Especially Merciful,’ Allah says, ‘My servant has extolled Me.’ When he says, ‘Master of the Day of Judgment,’ Allah says, ‘My servant has glorified Me.’ This is for Me. The part between Me and My servant is, ‘You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help.’ The rest of the surah belongs to My servant, and My servant will have what he asks: ‘Guide us to the straight path, the path of those You have favored, not those who have incurred anger, nor those who are astray.’”’ Abu ‘Isa graded this hadith hasan. Shu‘bah, Isma‘il ibn Ja‘far, and others transmitted a similar report from al-‘Ala’ ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet. Ibn Jurayj and Malik ibn Anas transmitted a similar report from al-‘Ala’, from Abu al-Sa’ib, the client of Hisham ibn Zuhrah, from Abu Hurayrah. Ibn Abi Uways transmitted it from his father, from al-‘Ala’, who said, ‘My father and Abu al-Sa’ib told me…’—both had been companions of Abu Hurayrah—from Abu Hurayrah from the Prophet. Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Naysaburi and Ya‘qub ibn Sufyan al-Farisi transmitted this chain. Isma‘il ibn Abi Uways’s version contains only the shorter statement that a prayer without the Mother of the Qur’an is deficient and incomplete. Abu Zur‘ah said both reports are sound, citing Ibn Abi Uways’s version from his father, from al-‘Ala’.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Umm al-Qur’an (‘Mother of the Qur’an’) refers to Surah al-Fatihah. The hadith qudsi presents the prayer as a dialogue: al-Fatihah’s opening praises Allah; ‘You alone we worship…’ is the shared portion; and the concluding supplication belongs to the worshipper. Abu Hurayrah instructs a person praying behind an imam to recite al-Fatihah quietly. The Arabic word khidaj means deficient or incomplete. The source includes several corroborating chains and notes that the shorter Ibn Abi Uways version omits the dialogue.