Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2298
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " لاَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ خَائِنٍ وَلاَ خَائِنَةٍ وَلاَ مَجْلُودٍ حَدًّا وَلاَ مَجْلُودَةٍ وَلاَ ذِي غِمْرٍ لأَخِيهِ وَلاَ مُجَرَّبِ شَهَادَةٍ وَلاَ الْقَانِعِ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ لَهُمْ وَلاَ ظَنِينٍ فِي وَلاَءٍ وَلاَ قَرَابَةٍ " . قَالَ الْفَزَارِيُّ الْقَانِعُ التَّابِعُ . هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ . وَيَزِيدُ يُضَعَّفُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَلاَ يُعْرَفُ هَذَا الْحَدِيِثُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ إِلاَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ . وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو . قَالَ وَلاَ نَعْرِفُ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَلاَ يَصِحُّ عِنْدِي مِنْ قِبَلِ إِسْنَادِهِ . وَالْعَمَلُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي هَذَا أَنَّ شَهَادَةَ الْقَرِيبِ جَائِزَةٌ لِقَرَابَتِهِ . وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي شَهَادَةِ الْوَالِدِ لِلْوَلَدِ وَالْوَلَدِ لِوَالِدِهِ وَلَمْ يُجِزْ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ شَهَادَةَ الْوَالِدِ لِلْوَلَدِ وَلاَ الْوَلَدِ لِلْوَالِدِ . وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِذَا كَانَ عَدْلاً فَشَهَادَةُ الْوَالِدِ لِلْوَلَدِ جَائِزَةٌ وَكَذَلِكَ شَهَادَةُ الْوَلَدِ لِلْوَالِدِ . وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفُوا فِي شَهَادَةِ الأَخِ لأَخِيهِ أَنَّهَا جَائِزَةٌ وَكَذَلِكَ شَهَادَةُ كُلِّ قَرِيبٍ لِقَرِيبِهِ . وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لاَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةٌ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى الآخَرِ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَدْلاً إِذَا كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا عَدَاوَةٌ . وَذَهَبَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الأَعْرَجِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مُرْسَلاً " لاَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ صَاحِبِ إِحْنَةٍ " . يَعْنِي صَاحِبَ عَدَاوَةٍ وَكَذَلِكَ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ حَيْثُ قَالَ " لاَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ صَاحِبِ غِمْرٍ لأَخِيهِ " يَعْنِي صَاحِبَ عَدَاوَةٍ .
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Qutaybah narrated to us: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiyah al-Fazārī narrated to us, from Yazīd ibn Ziyād al-Dimashqī, from al-Zuhrī, from ʿUrwah, from ʿĀʾishah, who said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'The testimony of a treacherous man or woman is not admissible, nor that of a man or woman punished with a legal penalty, nor that of one who harbors ill will against his brother, nor a person whose testimony has been tried [and found unreliable], nor a dependent who favors the household, nor one suspected because of an alliance or kinship.' Al-Fazārī said: 'Al-qāniʿ means a follower.' He said: 'This hadith is gharīb; we know it only through Yazīd ibn Ziyād al-Dimashqī, who is considered weak in hadith. This report from al-Zuhrī is known only through him. A report on this subject is also related from ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAmr. I do not know what this hadith means, and its chain is not sound in my view.' Scholars generally permit a relative's testimony for another relative. They differed about a parent testifying for a child and a child for a parent: most did not permit either, while some permitted it if the parent or child was upright. They did not differ about a brother testifying for his brother; likewise, any relative may testify for a relative. Al-Shāfiʿī said that a man's testimony against another is not admissible if there is enmity between them, even if he is upright. He relied on a mursal report from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Aʿraj: 'The testimony of one harboring rancor is not admissible'—that is, one harboring enmity. This is likewise the meaning here of 'one who harbors ill will against his brother.'