Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 809
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْعَدَوِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَهُوَ يَبْعَثُ الْبُعُوثَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ ائْذَنْ لِي أَيُّهَا الأَمِيرُ أُحَدِّثْكَ قَوْلاً قَامَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْغَدَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَاىَ وَوَعَاهُ قَلْبِي وَأَبْصَرَتْهُ عَيْنَاىَ حِينَ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ أَنَّهُ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ " إِنَّ مَكَّةَ حَرَّمَهَا اللَّهُ وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا النَّاسُ وَلاَ يَحِلُّ لاِمْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ فِيهَا دَمًا أَوْ يَعْضِدَ بِهَا شَجَرَةً فَإِنْ أَحَدٌ تَرَخَّصَ بِقِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِيهَا فَقُولُوا لَهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَذِنَ لِرَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَكَ وَإِنَّمَا أَذِنَ لِي فِيهِ سَاعَةً مِنَ النَّهَارِ وَقَدْ عَادَتْ حُرْمَتُهَا الْيَوْمَ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالأَمْسِ وَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ " . فَقِيلَ لأَبِي شُرَيْحٍ مَا قَالَ لَكَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ أَنَا أَعْلَمُ مِنْكَ بِذَلِكَ يَا أَبَا شُرَيْحٍ إِنَّ الْحَرَمَ لاَ يُعِيذُ عَاصِيًا وَلاَ فَارًّا بِدَمٍ وَلاَ فَارًّا بِخَرْبَةٍ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَيُرْوَى وَلاَ فَارًّا بِخِزْيَةٍ . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَأَبُو شُرَيْحٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ اسْمُهُ خُوَيْلِدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَهُوَ الْعَدَوِيُّ وَهُوَ الْكَعْبِيُّ . وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ " وَلاَ فَارًّا بِخَرْبَةٍ " يَعْنِي الْجِنَايَةَ يَقُولُ مَنْ جَنَى جِنَايَةً أَوْ أَصَابَ دَمًا ثُمَّ لَجَأَ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ فَإِنَّهُ يُقَامُ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ .
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Qutaybah narrated to us: al-Layth ibn Sa'd narrated to us, from Sa'id ibn Abi Sa'id al-Maqburi, from Abu Shurayh al-Adawi, who said to Amr ibn Sa'id as he was sending troops to Mecca: ‘Governor, allow me to tell you something the Messenger of Allah said the day after the Conquest. My ears heard it, my heart retained it, and my eyes saw him as he spoke: He praised and glorified Allah, then said, “Allah made Mecca sacred; people did not make it sacred. No one who believes in Allah and the Last Day may shed blood there or cut down its trees. If anyone invokes the Prophet's permission to fight there, tell him: Allah permitted His Messenger, but did not permit you. He permitted me for only an hour of a day, and its sanctity has now returned, as it was yesterday. Let those present convey this to those absent.”’
Abu Shurayh was asked what Amr ibn Sa'id had replied. He said: Amr told him, ‘I know this better than you, Abu Shurayh: the sanctuary does not protect a wrongdoer, someone fleeing after shedding blood, or someone fleeing after committing an offense.’ Abu Isa said another version says, ‘someone fleeing in disgrace.’ There are reports on this topic from Abu Hurayrah and Ibn Abbas. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Abu Shurayh is hasan sahih. Abu Shurayh al-Khuza'i's name was Khuwaylid ibn Amr; he was also called al-Adawi and al-Ka'bi. Abu Isa explained that ‘fleeing after an offense’ means that if someone commits a crime or sheds blood and then seeks refuge in the sanctuary, the prescribed punishment is still carried out.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report prohibits bloodshed and cutting trees in Mecca's sanctuary, while its commentary clarifies that sanctuary does not shield someone from punishment for a crime.