Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 8
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الأَنْصَارِيِّ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الْغَائِطَ فَلاَ تَسْتَقْبِلُوا الْقِبْلَةَ بِغَائِطٍ وَلاَ بَوْلٍ وَلاَ تَسْتَدْبِرُوهَا وَلَكِنْ شَرِّقُوا أَوْ غَرِّبُوا " . فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ فَقَدِمْنَا الشَّأْمَ فَوَجَدْنَا مَرَاحِيضَ قَدْ بُنِيَتْ مُسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةِ فَنَنْحَرِفُ عَنْهَا وَنَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ جَزْءٍ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ وَمَعْقِلِ بْنِ أَبِي الْهَيْثَمِ وَيُقَالُ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ أَبِي مَعْقِلٍ وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَسَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ أَحْسَنُ شَيْءٍ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ وَأَصَحُّ . وَأَبُو أَيُّوبَ اسْمُهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ . وَالزُّهْرِيُّ اسْمُهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَكُنْيَتُهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ . قَالَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْمَكِّيُّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِنَّمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " لاَ تَسْتَقْبِلُوا الْقِبْلَةَ بِغَائِطٍ وَلاَ بِبَوْلٍ وَلاَ تَسْتَدْبِرُوهَا " . إِنَّمَا هَذَا فِي الْفَيَافِي وَأَمَّا فِي الْكُنُفِ الْمَبْنِيَّةِ لَهُ رُخْصَةٌ فِي أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَهَا . وَهَكَذَا قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ . وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ إِنَّمَا الرُّخْصَةُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي اسْتِدْبَارِ الْقِبْلَةِ بِغَائِطٍ أَوْ بَوْلٍ وَأَمَّا اسْتِقْبَالُ الْقِبْلَةِ فَلاَ يَسْتَقْبِلُهَا . كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ وَلاَ فِي الْكُنُفِ أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةَ .
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Sa'id ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Makhzumi narrated to us; Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from 'Ata' ibn Yazid al-Laythi, from Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When you go to relieve yourselves, do not face the qiblah while defecating or urinating, and do not turn your backs to it; rather, face east or west." Abu Ayyub said: We came to Syria and found toilets built facing the qiblah, so we turned away from it and sought Allah's forgiveness. Abu 'Isa said: There are also reports on this subject from 'Abd Allah ibn al-Harith ibn Jaz' al-Zubaydi, Ma'qil ibn Abi al-Haytham (also said: Ma'qil ibn Abi Ma'qil), Abu Umamah, Abu Hurairah, and Sahl ibn Hunayf. Abu 'Isa said: Abu Ayyub's hadith is the best and soundest report on this subject. Abu Ayyub's name was Khalid ibn Zayd. Al-Zuhri's name was Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn 'Ubayd Allah ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, and his kunya was Abu Bakr. Abu al-Walid al-Makki said: Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i said that the Prophet's statement, "Do not face the qiblah while defecating or urinating, nor turn your backs to it," applies only in open spaces; as for built toilets, there is a concession to face it. Ishaq ibn Ibrahim said the same. Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the concession from the Prophet ﷺ applies only to turning one's back to the qiblah while defecating or urinating; one must not face it. It seems he did not consider facing the qiblah permissible either in open spaces or in built toilets.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
إِنَّمَا هَذَا فِي الْفَيَافِي وَأَمَّا فِي الْكُنُفِ الْمَبْنِيَّةِ لَهُ رُخْصَةٌ فِي أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَهَا
The source records differing legal readings: al-Shafi'i and Ishaq allow facing the qiblah in built facilities, while Ahmad's statement rejects facing it.
A qualified reviewer should assess the attribution and scope of the reported concessions.