Allah's Messenger (S) said: "The most virtuous fasting after the month of Ramadan is that of Allah's month of Al-Muharram. And the most virtuous Salat after the obligatory is the night prayer."
Hadith Text & Reference
Allah's Messenger (S) said: "The most virtuous fasting after the month of Ramadan is that of Allah's month of Al-Muharram. And the most virtuous Salat after the obligatory is the night prayer."
Reference: Jami` at-Tirmidhi 438 | Book: The Book on Salat (Prayer) | Author: Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Exegesis of Fasting in Al-Muharram
The designation of Al-Muharram as "Allah's month" signifies its sanctity, being one of the four sacred months wherein righteous deeds are magnified in reward. Fasting therein is second only to Ramadan in virtue, though not in obligation.
Scholars interpret this as encouraging voluntary fasting, particularly on the Day of 'Ashura (10th of Muharram), which expiates the sins of the previous year. The superiority stems from the month's sacred status and the Prophet's consistent practice of fasting therein.
Excellence of Night Prayer (Tahajjud)
The night prayer (Qiyam al-Layl) is elevated above all supererogatory prayers due to its difficulty, sincerity, and proximity to Allah when distractions are minimal. It is when the Divine Decree descends and supplications are most readily accepted.
This prayer strengthens faith, purifies the soul, and was the consistent practice of the righteous before us. Its merit lies in the worshipper's secret devotion to their Lord, away from worldly eyes, embodying true ikhlas (sincerity).
Legal Rulings & Scholarly Consensus
Both acts discussed are emphatically recommended (sunnah mu'akkadah) but not obligatory. The Ummah concurs that fasting in Muharram and performing night prayer are among the most meritorious voluntary deeds.
One should not neglect obligatory prayers while pursuing supererogatory acts, as the Prophet (S) prioritized fard (obligatory) over nafl (voluntary). Balance is maintained by fulfilling obligations excellently before adding voluntary worship.