"Ibn Abbas was asked about a man who fasted during the day and stood (in prayers) during the night, but he did not attend the Friday prayer nor congregational prayer. He replied: 'He is in the Fire.'"
The Book on Salat (Prayer) - Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Hadith Reference: Jami` at-Tirmidhi 218
Exposition of the Narration
This profound statement from Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) serves as a severe warning regarding the obligation of congregational prayers, particularly the Friday prayer. The individual described engages in commendable voluntary acts - fasting by day and praying by night - yet neglects the fundamental obligation of congregational prayer.
Scholarly Commentary
The scholars explain that this narration emphasizes the gravity of abandoning congregational prayers without valid excuse. Voluntary acts of worship, no matter how numerous, cannot compensate for the deliberate neglect of obligatory duties. The Friday prayer and five daily congregational prayers are among the most emphasized obligations in Islam.
Ibn Abbas's response "He is in the Fire" indicates the severe consequence of willfully abandoning these prayers, as such abandonment may lead to disbelief according to many scholars. The one who considers congregational prayer unnecessary has left the fold of Islam, while one who acknowledges its obligation but neglects it out of laziness commits a major sin.
Legal Rulings and Conditions
The majority of scholars hold that Friday prayer is obligatory upon every adult, sane, male Muslim who is resident and free from valid excuses. Valid excuses include illness, fear, heavy rain, or excessive mud. Women, travelers, and slaves are exempt.
Congregational prayers for the five daily prayers are considered obligatory by many scholars for men, while others consider them strongly recommended. However, the consensus is that willful abandonment without excuse is a major sin that requires sincere repentance.