Allah's Messenger said: "It is a duty for the Muslims, that they perform Ghusl on Friday, and that each of them wear some of his family's perfume. If he does not find any, then water is a perfume for him."
The Book on the Day of Friday - Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Hadith Reference: Jami` at-Tirmidhi 528
Purification and Perfuming for Friday Prayer
The command to perform Ghusl (ritual bath) on Friday is established as a communal obligation (farḍ kifāyah) according to the majority of scholars, meaning if some Muslims fulfill it, the obligation is lifted from others. However, some scholars consider it strongly recommended (sunnah mu'akkadah).
This purification serves both physical cleanliness and spiritual preparation for the congregational prayer, symbolizing the sanctity of Friday, which Allah has favored over other days.
The Wisdom Behind Perfuming
The instruction to wear perfume demonstrates Islam's concern for public comfort and hygiene. Fragrance elevates the worshipper's state, brings joy to the heart, and prevents offensive odors in crowded gatherings.
The specification "his family's perfume" indicates using what is readily available and affordable, emphasizing moderation and avoiding extravagance.
Water as Purification and Perfume
When perfume is unavailable, water itself suffices - highlighting that cleanliness is the primary objective. Water purifies physically and symbolically represents spiritual purity.
This concession reflects the Shariah's practicality and mercy, ensuring all Muslims can participate in Friday's blessings regardless of their means.