Hadith Text & Reference

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever comes on Friday, then let him perform Ghusl." (Jami` at-Tirmidhi 492)

Meaning & Context

This hadith from The Book on the Day of Friday by Imam at-Tirmidhi establishes the recommended practice of performing the major ritual bath (ghusl) before attending the Friday congregational prayer.

The phrase "whoever comes" refers to those intending to attend the Friday prayer congregation. This ruling applies to both residents and travelers, adults who have reached puberty.

Scholarly Commentary

According to classical scholars, this ghusl is highly recommended (sunnah mu'akkadah) though not obligatory. The wisdom behind it includes purification for the sacred gathering, removal of physical impurities and odors that may disturb fellow worshippers, and preparation for standing before Allah in congregation.

Imam an-Nawawi explains that the optimal time for this ghusl is shortly before departing for the mosque. If performed earlier, it remains valid, but closer to the prayer time is preferable.

The majority of scholars hold that this ruling applies to both men and women who attend Friday prayer, though some restricted it to men since they have the obligation of congregational prayer.

Related Rulings

If one cannot perform ghusl, ablution (wudu) suffices. The essential elements of ghusl for Friday are the same as for ritual purity: intention, washing the entire body with water, and ensuring water reaches all parts.

This purification complements other Friday sunnahs like wearing clean clothes, using perfume (for men), and going early to the mosque.