That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever swears about an oath and says: 'If Allah wills (Insha Allah), then there is no breaking of the oath against him."
The Book on Vows and Oaths
Jami' at-Tirmidhi - Hadith Reference: Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1531
Hadith Text
That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever swears about an oath and says: 'If Allah wills (Insha Allah), then there is no breaking of the oath against him."
Commentary
This noble hadith establishes a fundamental principle in Islamic jurisprudence regarding oaths. When a Muslim makes an oath while including the phrase "Insha Allah" (if Allah wills), this conditional statement serves as protection from potential oath-breaking.
The wisdom behind this teaching is profound: it acknowledges human limitation in knowing the future and submits all matters to Divine Will. By saying "Insha Allah," the believer demonstrates proper tawakkul (reliance on Allah) and humility before the Almighty.
Scholars explain that this condition makes the oath contingent upon Allah's decree. Thus, if circumstances prevent fulfillment due to factors beyond one's control, no sin or expiation is required. This reflects the mercy and practicality of Islamic law.
The practice also serves as constant remembrance of Allah's ultimate authority over all affairs, training the believer to always couple intentions with recognition of Divine Will.