Hadith Text & Context

Wa'il reported: Tariq ibn Suwayd or Suwayd ibn Tariq asked the Prophet (ﷺ) about wine, but he forbade it. He again asked him, but he forbade him. He said to him: Prophet of Allah, it is a medicine. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: No it is a disease.

Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 3873 from the Book of Medicine (Kitab Al-Tibb)

Linguistic Analysis

The Arabic word "khamr" (wine) refers to any intoxicating substance derived from grapes or other sources. The companion's assertion "it is a medicine" (innaha dawa') reflects a common pre-Islamic belief. The Prophet's definitive response "No, it is a disease" (la, hiya da') establishes the fundamental Islamic position.

Legal Ruling & Prohibition

This hadith establishes the absolute prohibition of intoxicants for medicinal purposes. Classical scholars like Imam Nawawi and Ibn Qayyim emphasize that what Islam prohibits cannot be considered lawful medicine. The Prophet's repeated prohibition despite the companion's persistence indicates the ruling's categorical nature.

Spiritual & Medical Wisdom

The Prophet's characterization of wine as a "disease" encompasses both spiritual and physical harm. Intoxicants damage the intellect (aql), corrupt the soul, and lead to greater physical illnesses. Authentic medicine preserves health and consciousness, while intoxicants destroy both.

Scholarly Commentary

Ibn al-Qayyim in "Medicine of the Prophet" explains that true Islamic medicine never employs prohibited substances. What causes greater harm than benefit cannot be considered treatment. This principle extends to all intoxicants, not merely alcoholic drinks.