Purification (Kitab Al-Taharah) - Sunan Abi Dawud 161

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) wiped over the socks. Another version adds: "On the back (upper part) of the socks."

Scholarly Commentary

This hadith establishes the permissibility of wiping over leather socks (khuffayn) during ablution, which is a significant concession (rukhṣah) in Islamic jurisprudence. The practice applies when one has already performed complete ablution before wearing the socks.

The additional narration specifying "on the back (upper part) of the socks" clarifies the proper method of wiping. Scholars differ on whether wiping the top portion suffices or if one must wipe the entire foot covering. The majority position holds that wiping the upper surface is sufficient, as this follows the apparent meaning of the prophetic practice.

The duration for which wiping is permitted is twenty-four hours for residents and three days for travelers, based on other authentic narrations. This concession demonstrates the ease and practicality of Islamic law, recognizing the difficulties of removing socks frequently for ablution, particularly in cold climates or during travel.

Juridical Rulings

The socks must be worn after complete purification, cover the entire foot up to the ankles, and be substantial enough to remain intact during normal walking.

Wiping over socks is permitted for minor impurities requiring wudu' but not for major impurities requiring ghusl (complete bath).

If one removes the socks or the wiping period expires, full ablution must be performed, including washing the feet.