Purification (Kitab Al-Taharah)

Abdullah ibn Maslamah ibn Qa‘nab al-Qa‘nabi narrated to us: ‘Abd al-‘Aziz narrated to us—meaning Ibn Muhammad—from Muhammad—meaning Ibn ‘Amr—from Abu Salamah, from al-Mughirah ibn Shu‘bah, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), whenever he went to relieve himself, would go far away.

Musaddad ibn Musarhad narrated to us: ‘Isa ibn Yunus narrated to us: Isma‘il ibn ‘Abd al-Malik reported to us, from Abu al-Zubayr, from Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), whenever he wished to go out to answer the call of nature, would set off until no one could see him.

Musa ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Hammad narrated to us; Abu al-Tayyah informed us; a shaykh narrated to me. He said: When Abdullah ibn Abbas arrived in Basrah, he used to narrate from Abu Musa. Abdullah wrote to Abu Musa asking him about some matters, and Abu Musa wrote back: 'One day I was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He wanted to urinate, so he went to soft ground at the foot of a wall and urinated. Then he said: “When one of you wants to urinate, let him seek a place for his urination.”'

Musaddad ibn Musarhad narrated to us: Hammad ibn Zayd and Abd al-Warith narrated to us, from Abd al-Aziz ibn Suhayb, from Anas ibn Malik, who said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) entered the privy, Hammad's version says that he said, ‘O Allah, I seek refuge in You.’ Abd al-Warith's version says, ‘I seek refuge in Allah from the male and female devils.’ Abu Dawud said: Shu'bah narrated it from Abd al-Aziz with the wording, ‘O Allah, I seek refuge in You,’ and on one occasion he said, ‘I seek refuge in Allah.’ Wuhaib said, ‘Let him seek refuge in Allah.’

Al-Hasan ibn Amr—meaning al-Sadusi—narrated to us; Waki narrated to us, from Shu'bah, from Abd al-Aziz—namely, Ibn Suhayb—from Anas, with this hadith. He said, ‘O Allah, I seek refuge in You.’ Shu'bah said: On one occasion he said, ‘I seek refuge in Allah.’

Amr ibn Marzuq narrated to us; Shu'bah informed us, from Qatadah, from al-Nadr ibn Anas, from Zayd ibn Arqam, from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘These privies are frequented. When one of you comes to the privy, let him say: I seek refuge in Allah from the male and female devils.’

Musaddad ibn Musarhad narrated to us; Abu Mu'awiyah narrated to us, from al-A'mash, from Ibrahim, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Yazid, from Salman. It was said to him: ‘Your Prophet has taught you everything, even the manner of relieving yourselves.’ He replied: ‘Yes. He (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us to face the qiblah while defecating or urinating, to cleanse ourselves with the right hand, and for any of us to cleanse with fewer than three stones, or to cleanse with dung or bone.’

Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Nufayli narrated to us; Ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ajlan, from al-Qa'qa ibn Hakim, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘I am to you like a father, teaching you. When one of you goes to relieve himself, let him neither face the qiblah nor turn his back to it, and let him not clean himself with his right hand.’ He used to command the use of three stones and forbid dung and decayed bone.

Musaddad ibn Musarhad narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from Ata ibn Yazid al-Laythi, from Abu Ayyub, in a report attributed to the Prophet, who said: ‘When you go to the privy, do not face the qiblah while defecating or urinating, but turn east or west.’ We came to Syria and found latrines built facing the qiblah, so we would turn away from them and seek Allah's forgiveness.

Musa ibn Ismail narrated to us; Wuhaib narrated to us; Amr ibn Yahya narrated to us, from Abu Zayd, from Maqil ibn Abu Maqil al-Asadi, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us to face either of the two qiblahs while urinating or defecating. Abu Dawud said: Abu Zayd was a freedman of Banu Tha'labah.

Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Faris narrated to us; Safwan ibn Isa narrated to us, from al-Hasan ibn Dhakwan, from Marwan al-Asfar, who said: I saw Ibn Umar make his riding camel kneel facing the qiblah, then sit and urinate toward it. I said: ‘Abu Abd al-Rahman, has this not been forbidden?’ He replied: ‘Indeed, that was forbidden only in open ground. When there is something between you and the qiblah that screens you, there is no harm.’

Abdullah ibn Maslamah narrated to us, from Malik, from Yahya ibn Said, from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban, from his uncle Waqi ibn Habban, from Abdullah ibn Umar, who said: I climbed onto the roof of the house and saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sitting on two bricks, facing Bayt al-Maqdis, to relieve himself.

Muhammad ibn Bashshar narrated to us; Wahb ibn Jarir narrated to us; my father narrated to us, saying: I heard Muhammad ibn Ishaq narrating from Aban ibn Salih, from Mujahid, from Jabir ibn Abdullah, who said: The Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us to face the qiblah while urinating. Then, a year before he died, I saw him facing it.

Zuhayr ibn Harb narrated to us; Waki narrated to us, from al-A'mash, from a man, from Ibn Umar, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), when he wanted to relieve himself, would not raise his garment until he came close to the ground.

Abu Dawud said: Abd al-Salam ibn Harb narrated it from al-A'mash, from Anas ibn Malik, and he is weak. Abu Isa al-Ramli said: Ahmad ibn al-Walid narrated to us; Amr ibn Awn narrated to us; Abd al-Salam informed us of it.

Ubayd Allah ibn Umar ibn Maysarah narrated to us; Ibn Mahdi narrated to us; Ikrimah ibn Ammar narrated to us, from Yahya ibn Abi Kathir, from Hilal ibn Iyad, who said: Abu Said narrated to me; he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: ‘The two men must not go out to relieve themselves with their private parts uncovered, talking together, for Allah, Mighty and Majestic, detests that.’ Abu Dawud said: Only Ikrimah ibn Ammar transmitted this with a connected chain.

Uthman and Abu Bakr, the sons of Abu Shaybah, said: Umar ibn Sad narrated to us, from Sufyan, from al-Dahhak ibn Uthman, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, who said: A man passed by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was urinating and greeted him, but he did not return the greeting.

Abu Dawud said: It is also narrated from Ibn Umar and others that the Prophet performed dry ablution and then returned the man's greeting.

Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to us; Abd al-Ala narrated to us; Said narrated to us, from Qatadah, from al-Hasan, from Hushayn ibn al-Mundhir Abu Sasan, from al-Muhajir ibn Qunfudh: He came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was urinating and greeted him, but he did not return the greeting until he performed ablution. Then he apologized to him and said: ‘I disliked mentioning Allah, Mighty and Majestic, except in a state of purification’—or he said, ‘in a state of purity.’

Muhammad ibn al-Ala narrated to us; Ibn Abi Za'idah narrated to us, from his father, from Khalid ibn Salamah—meaning al-Fa'fa'—from al-Bahi, from Urwah, from Aishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to remember Allah, Mighty and Majestic, in all his circumstances.

Nasr ibn Ali narrated to us, from Abu Ali al-Hanafi, from Hammam, from Ibn Jurayj, from al-Zuhri, from Anas, who said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) entered the privy, he would remove his ring. Abu Dawud said: This is a munkar hadith. What is known from Ibn Jurayj is that he narrated from Ziyad ibn Sad, from al-Zuhri, from Anas, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had a silver ring made, then discarded it. The error in this report is from Hammam, and no one narrated it except Hammam.