Purification (Kitab Al-Taharah)

Al-Hasan ibn Ali narrated to us; Abu al-Walid and Sahl ibn Hammad said: Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Salamah narrated to us, from Amr ibn Yahya, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Zayd, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to us, and we brought him water in a brass vessel. He performed ablution.

Qutaybah ibn Said narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Musa narrated to us, from Yaqub ibn Salamah, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘There is no prayer for one who has no ablution, and there is no ablution for one who does not mention the name of Allah over it.’

Ahmad ibn Amr ibn al-Sarh narrated to us; Ibn Wahb narrated to us, from al-Darawardi, who said: Rabi'ah mentioned that the explanation of the Prophet's hadith, ‘There is no ablution for one who does not mention the name of Allah over it,’ is that it refers to a person who performs ablution or bathes without intending ablution for prayer or a bath to remove major ritual impurity.

Musaddad narrated to us; Abu Muawiyah narrated to us, from al-A'mash, from Abu Razin and Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘When one of you gets up at night, let him not dip his hand into the vessel until he has washed it three times, for he does not know where his hand spent the night.’

Musaddad narrated to us; Isa ibn Yunus narrated to us, from al-A'mash, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)—meaning this hadith—who said it two or three times, and did not mention Abu Razin.

Ahmad ibn Amr ibn al-Sarh and Muhammad ibn Salamah al-Muradi said: Ibn Wahb narrated to us, from Muawiyah ibn Salih, from Abu Maryam, who said: I heard Abu Hurayrah say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: ‘When one of you wakes from sleep, let him not put his hand into the vessel until he has washed it three times, for none of you knows where his hand spent the night or where it moved about.’

Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Hulwani narrated to us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Ma'mar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Ata ibn Yazid al-Laythi, from Humran ibn Aban, the freedman of Uthman ibn Affan, who said: I saw Uthman perform ablution. He poured water over his hands three times and washed them, then rinsed his mouth and cleared his nose. Then he washed his face three times and his right arm up to the elbow three times, then the left in the same way. He wiped his head, then washed his right foot three times and the left in the same way. Then he said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) perform ablution like this ablution of mine. He then said: ‘Whoever performs ablution like this and prays two rakahs without letting his mind wander during them, Allah will forgive his past sins.’

Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to us; al-Dahhak ibn Makhlad narrated to us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Wardan narrated to us; Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman narrated to me; Humran narrated to me. He said: I saw Uthman ibn Affan perform ablution, and he mentioned something similar, but did not mention rinsing the mouth or drawing water into the nose. In this version, he said that Uthman wiped his head three times, then washed his feet three times, then said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) perform ablution in this way and say: ‘Whoever performs less than this, it suffices him.’ This version did not mention the prayer.

Muhammad ibn Dawud al-Iskandarani narrated to us; Ziyad ibn Yunus narrated to us; Said ibn Ziyad, the caller to prayer, narrated to me, from Uthman ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Taymi, who said: Ibn Abi Mulaykah was asked about ablution. He said: I saw Uthman ibn Affan asked about ablution. He called for water; a water vessel was brought, and he poured some over his right hand, then put it into the water. He rinsed his mouth three times and cleared his nose three times, washed his face three times, then his right hand three times and his left three times. Then he put his hand in, took water, and wiped his head and ears, washing their insides and outsides once. Then he washed his feet and said: ‘Where are those who asked about ablution? This is how I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) perform ablution.’ Abu Dawud said: All the sound reports from Uthman indicate that wiping the head is once, for they mention the other parts being washed three times and say of the head, ‘he wiped it,’ without specifying a number, as they do for the other parts.

Ibrahim ibn Musa informed us; Isa informed us; Ubayd Allah—meaning Ibn Abi Ziyad—informed us, from Abdullah ibn Ubayd ibn Umayr, from Abu al-Qamah: Uthman called for water and performed ablution. He poured water with his right hand over his left, then washed both to the wrists. He then rinsed his mouth and drew water into his nose three times, and performed the washing of the ablution three times. He said: He wiped his head, then washed his feet, and said: ‘I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) perform ablution as you have seen me perform it.’ He then related a similar report to that of al-Zuhri, giving it in fuller form.

Harun ibn Abdullah narrated to us; Yahya ibn Adam narrated to us; Isra'il narrated to us, from Amir ibn Shaqiq ibn Jamrah, from Shaqiq ibn Salamah, who said: I saw Uthman ibn Affan wash his forearms three times each and wipe his head three times. Then he said: ‘I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) do this.’ Abu Dawud said: Waki narrated it from Isra'il, who said: ‘He performed ablution three times only.’

Musaddad narrated to us; Abu Awanah narrated to us, from Khalid ibn Alqamah, from Abd Khayr, who said: Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us after he had prayed and called for water for purification. We said: ‘What will he do with water, since he has already prayed? He must only be teaching us.’ A vessel containing water and a washbasin were brought. He poured from the vessel onto his right hand and washed his hands three times. He rinsed his mouth and cleared his nose three times, rinsing and expelling from the handful with which he took water. He washed his face three times, then his right hand three times and his left three times. Then he put his hand in the vessel, took water, and wiped his head once. He washed his right foot three times and his left three times, then said: ‘Whoever wishes to know how the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution, this is it.’

Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Hulwani narrated to us; al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Jufi narrated to us, from Zaidah; Khalid ibn Alqamah al-Hamdani narrated to us, from Abd Khayr, who said: Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) prayed the dawn prayer, then went into the courtyard and called for water. A boy brought him a vessel of water and a washbasin. He took the vessel in his right hand, poured water over his left hand, and washed both palms three times. Then he put his right hand into the vessel, rinsed his mouth three times and drew water into his nose three times. He then related something close to the report of Abu Awanah. He said: He wiped his head, front and back, once. Then he related the rest of the report in similar terms.

Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to me; Muhammad ibn Jafar narrated to me; Shu'bah narrated to me, saying: I heard Malik ibn Urfutah; I heard Abd Khayr say: I saw Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) being brought a chair, and he sat on it. A vessel of water was then brought to him. He washed his hands three times, then rinsed his mouth and drew water into his nose with one handful of water. He mentioned the hadith.

Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Abu Nu‘aym narrated to us; Rabi‘ah al-Kinani narrated to us, from al-Minhal ibn ‘Amr, from Zirr ibn Hubaysh, who said that he heard ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, when he was asked about the Messenger of Allah’s ablution. He related the report and said: ‘He wiped his head until the water was about to drip, then washed his feet three times.’ Then he said: ‘This is how the Messenger of Allah performed ablution.’

Ziyad ibn Ayyub al-Tusi narrated to us; ‘Ubayd Allah ibn Musa narrated to us; Fitr narrated to us, from Abu Farwah, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla, who said: ‘I saw ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, perform ablution. He washed his face three times, washed his forearms three times, and wiped his head once. Then he said: “This is how the Messenger of Allah performed ablution.”’

Musaddad and Abu Tawbah narrated to us, saying: Abu al-Ahwas narrated to us. (A second chain:) ‘Amr ibn ‘Awn narrated to us, saying: Abu al-Ahwas informed us, from Abu Ishaq, from Abu Hayyah, who said: ‘I saw ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, perform ablution. He performed the whole ablution three times; then he wiped his head and washed his feet up to the ankles. Then he said: “I only wanted to show you how the Messenger of Allah purified himself.”’

‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Yahya al-Harrani narrated to us; Muhammad (meaning Ibn Salamah) narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from Muhammad ibn Talhah ibn Yazid ibn Rukanah, from ‘Ubayd Allah al-Khawlani, from Ibn ‘Abbas, who said: ‘‘Ali (meaning ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib) came to me after urinating and called for water for ablution. We brought him a vessel of water and placed it before him. He said, “Ibn ‘Abbas, shall I show you how the Messenger of Allah used to perform ablution?” I said, “Yes.” He tilted the vessel over his hand and washed it. Then he put his right hand into it and poured water over his left hand, and washed his palms. He rinsed his mouth and expelled water from his nose. Then he put both hands into the vessel together, took a handful of water, and splashed it over his face. He placed his thumbs at the front of his ears; then he did the same a second and a third time. Next he took a handful of water in his right hand, poured it over his forehead, and let it run down his face. He washed his forearms up to the elbows three times each. Then he wiped his head and the backs of his ears. He put both hands into the vessel together, took a handful of water, splashed it over one foot while wearing a sandal, and rubbed the foot with it; then he did the same to the other foot. I asked, “Even with the sandals on?” He said, “Yes, with the sandals on.” I asked him this three more times, and each time he gave the same reply.’ Abu Dawud said: The report of Ibn Jurayj from Shaybah resembles the report of ‘Ali, for Hajjaj ibn Muhammad transmitted from Ibn Jurayj the wording, ‘He wiped his head once,’ whereas Ibn Wahb transmitted from Ibn Jurayj, ‘He wiped his head three times.’

‘Abd Allah ibn Maslamah narrated to us, from Malik, from ‘Amr ibn Yahya al-Mazini, from his father, who said that he asked ‘Abd Allah ibn Zayd ibn ‘Asim—the grandfather of ‘Amr ibn Yahya al-Mazini—‘Can you show me how the Messenger of Allah used to perform ablution?’ ‘Abd Allah ibn Zayd replied, ‘Yes.’ He called for water for ablution, poured it over his hands, and washed them. Then he rinsed his mouth and expelled water from his nose three times. He washed his face three times, then washed his arms to the elbows twice each. Then he wiped his head with both hands, moving them forward and back: he began at the front of his head, moved them to the nape, and brought them back to where he had begun. Then he washed his feet.’

Musaddad narrated to us; Khalid narrated to us, from ‘Amr ibn Yahya al-Mazini, from his father, from ‘Abd Allah ibn Zayd ibn ‘Asim, with this report. He said: ‘He rinsed his mouth and inhaled water into his nose from a single handful, doing that three times.’ Then he mentioned the rest in similar terms.