I saw Abu Dhar Al-Ghifari wearing a cloak, and his slave, too, was wearing a cloak. We asked him about that (i.e. how both were wearing similar cloaks). He replied, "Once I abused a man and he complained of me to the Prophet (ﷺ) . The Prophet (ﷺ) asked me, 'Did you abuse him by slighting his mother?' He added, 'Your slaves are your brethren upon whom Allah has given you authority. So, if one has one's brethren under one's control, one should feed them with the like of what one eats and clothe them with the like of what one wears. You should not overburden them with what they cannot bear, and if you do so, help them (in their hard job).
Manumission of Slaves - Sahih al-Bukhari 2545
This narration from Abu Dhar Al-Ghifari demonstrates the elevated Islamic ethic concerning the treatment of slaves, transforming them from mere property into spiritual brethren under one's guardianship.
Contextual Background
The incident begins with Abu Dhar and his slave wearing similar garments, which prompted questions from companions. This visual equality served as a practical demonstration of the Prophet's teaching that emerged from a prior incident where Abu Dhar verbally abused someone.
The Prohibition of Humiliation
The Prophet's specific question "Did you abuse him by slighting his mother?" highlights Islam's prohibition of degrading insults, particularly those targeting lineage. Such speech violates human dignity regardless of social status.
Spiritual Brotherhood
The revolutionary declaration "Your slaves are your brethren" establishes that spiritual equality transcends worldly social hierarchies. Though authority exists in worldly matters, spiritual status before Allah remains equal.
Practical Implementation
The Prophet provided clear guidelines: feed slaves what you eat, clothe them as you clothe yourself. This eliminates distinction in basic necessities and recognizes shared humanity.
Consideration of Capabilities
The instruction "do not overburden them with what they cannot bear" demonstrates Islam's concern for physical and psychological wellbeing. If difficult tasks become necessary, the master must participate and assist.
Abu Dhar's Practical Application
Abu Dhar's implementation through identical clothing for himself and his slave shows complete internalization of these teachings, transforming theoretical principles into living practice.