Hadith Text & Reference

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "He (a Muslim) who dies of an abdominal disease is a martyr, and he who dies of plague is a martyr."

Book: Medicine | Author: Sahih al-Bukhari | Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari 5733

Commentary on Abdominal Disease Martyrdom

The scholars explain that "abdominal disease" (dhanb al-batn) refers to severe illnesses affecting the digestive system such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid, or any fatal stomach ailment causing intense suffering.

This martyrdom status demonstrates Allah's immense mercy, transforming physical suffering into spiritual reward. The abdominal region is the source of many human temptations, and dying from its affliction serves as purification.

The martyrdom in this context is of the Hereafter (shahid al-akhirah), meaning the deceased receives the reward of martyrs in the afterlife though not treated as a military martyr in worldly matters.

Commentary on Plague Martyrdom

Plague (ta'un) represents epidemic diseases that cause widespread suffering. The scholars include modern pandemics under this category when they share similar characteristics.

Remaining patient and steadfast in afflicted areas, trusting in Allah's decree, and not fleeing the land are conditions emphasized by scholars for attaining this martyrdom.

This ruling encourages Muslims to view epidemics as tests from Allah rather than mere calamities, and to face them with faith and reliance upon the Divine Will.

Legal & Spiritual Implications

The martyrs mentioned in this hadith do not require ritual washing (ghusl) before burial according to most scholars, though prayers are still performed over them.

This teaching provides immense comfort to believers suffering from painful diseases, knowing their endurance leads to great spiritual stations.

The hadith reflects Islam's comprehensive view of martyrdom beyond battlefield contexts, honoring those who endure physical afflictions with patience and faith.