Oaths and Vows

Al-Uwaysi narrated to us; Ibrahim narrated to us, from Salih, from Ibn Shihab. Hajjaj also narrated to us; Abdullah ibn Umar al-Numayri narrated to us; Yunus narrated to us, saying: I heard al-Zuhri say: I heard Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab, Alqamah ibn Waqqas, and Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah relate from the report of Aishah, the wife of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, when the slanderers said what they said about her and Allah declared her innocent. Each of them related a portion of the report. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, stood and sought support against Abdullah ibn Ubayy. Usayd ibn Hudayr stood and said to Sa'd ibn Ubadah that by Allah they would kill him.

Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to me; Yahya narrated to us, from Hisham, who said: My father informed me, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, concerning the verse, Allah will not call you to account for idle oaths. She said: It was revealed about a person's saying, no, by Allah, and yes, by Allah.

Khallad ibn Yahya narrated to us; Mis'ar narrated to us; Qatadah narrated to us; Zurarah ibn Awfa narrated to us, from Abu Hurayrah, who attributed it to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: ‘Allah has pardoned my community for what their souls whisper or speak to themselves, so long as they do not act upon it or speak it aloud.’

Uthman ibn al-Haytham—or Muhammad from him—narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: I heard Ibn Shihab say: Isa ibn Talhah informed me that Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As told him that while the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was delivering a sermon on the Day of Sacrifice, a man stood and said, ‘Messenger of Allah, I thought this should be done before that.’ Then another man stood and said, ‘Messenger of Allah, I thought this should be done before that,’ concerning those three rites. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to each of them that day: ‘Do it; there is no blame.’ Everyone who asked him about anything that day received the answer: ‘Do it; there is no blame.’

Ahmad ibn Yunus narrated to us; Abu Bakr narrated to us, from Abd al-Aziz ibn Rufay, from Ata, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: A man said to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘I performed the circumambulation before stoning.’ He said, ‘There is no blame.’ Another said, ‘I shaved my head before slaughtering.’ He said, ‘There is no blame.’ Another said, ‘I slaughtered before stoning.’ He said, ‘There is no blame.’

Ishaq ibn Mansur narrated to me; Abu Usamah narrated to us; Ubaydullah ibn Umar narrated to us, from Sa'id ibn Abi Sa'id, from Abu Hurayrah, that a man entered the mosque and prayed while the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was in one corner of the mosque. The man came and greeted him. He said, ‘Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.’ The man went back and prayed, then greeted him again. He said, ‘And upon you be peace. Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.’ On the third time, the man said, ‘Teach me.’ He replied: ‘When you stand for prayer, perform ablution thoroughly, then face the qiblah and say the opening takbir. Recite whatever you can from the Quran. Then bow until you are at ease in bowing. Raise your head until you are standing upright. Then prostrate until you are at ease in prostration. Raise yourself until you are sitting upright and at ease. Then prostrate until you are at ease in prostration. Then rise until you are standing upright. Do this throughout your prayer.’

Farwah ibn Abi al-Maghra narrated to us; Ali ibn Mushir narrated to us, from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: On the day of Uhud, the polytheists were clearly routed. Then Iblis shouted, ‘Servants of Allah, beware of those behind you!’ The front ranks turned back and fought with their rear ranks. Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman looked and saw his father. He shouted, ‘My father! My father!’ By Allah, they did not stop until they had killed him. Hudhayfah said, ‘May Allah forgive you.’ Urwah said: By Allah, Hudhayfah continued to feel the effects of that incident until he met Allah.

Yusuf ibn Musa narrated to me; Abu Usamah narrated to us; he said: Awf narrated to me, from Khilas and Muhammad, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: ‘Whoever eats forgetfully while fasting should complete his fast, for Allah has fed him and given him drink.’

Adam ibn Abi Iyas narrated to us; Ibn Abi Dhi'b narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from al-Araj, from Abdullah ibn Buhaynah, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, led us in prayer and stood up after the first two units without sitting. He continued his prayer. When he had completed it, the people waited for him to say the salutation, but he prostrated before saying it. Then he raised his head, said the takbir and prostrated, then raised his head and said the salutation.

Ishaq ibn Ibrahim narrated to me; he heard Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd al-Samad; Mansur narrated to us, from Ibrahim, from Alqamah, from Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, led them in the noon prayer and added to it or left something out. Mansur said: I do not know whether Ibrahim or Alqamah was mistaken. It was said, ‘Messenger of Allah, was the prayer shortened, or did you forget?’ He said, ‘What is that?’ They said, ‘You prayed such-and-such.’ He then led them in two prostrations and said: ‘These two prostrations are for the one who does not know whether he added to his prayer or left something out. He should determine what is correct, complete what remains, and then perform two prostrations.’

Al-Humaydi narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us; Amr ibn Dinar narrated to us; Sa'id ibn Jubayr informed me. He said: I asked Ibn Abbas, who said: Ubayy ibn Ka'b narrated to us that he heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, recite: Do not take me to task for what I forgot, nor make my task difficult for me. He said: ‘Moses' first act was done out of forgetfulness.’

Abu Abdullah said: Muhammad ibn Bashshar wrote to me: Muadh ibn Muadh narrated to us; Ibn Awn narrated to us, from al-Sha'bi, who said: Al-Bara ibn Azib said that they had a guest staying with them. He told his family to slaughter an animal before he returned so their guest could eat. They slaughtered before the prayer. They mentioned this to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and he ordered him to slaughter again. The man said, ‘Messenger of Allah, I have a young she-goat that has begun producing milk, and it is better than two meat sheep.’ Ibn Awn would stop here in the report from al-Sha'bi and relate a similar report from Muhammad ibn Sirin, then stop here and say he did not know whether the concession had been extended to anyone else. Ayyub related it from Ibn Sirin, from Anas, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.

Sulayman ibn Harb narrated to us; Shubah narrated to us, from al-Aswad ibn Qays, who said: I heard Jundub say: I witnessed the Prophet ﷺ pray on the day of Eid, then deliver a sermon, and then say: Whoever has slaughtered should slaughter another in its place; and whoever has not slaughtered should slaughter in the name of Allah.

Muhammad ibn Muqatil narrated to us; al-Nadr informed us; Shubah informed us; Firas narrated to us, saying: I heard al-Shabi, from Abdullah ibn Amr, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: The major sins are associating partners with Allah, disobeying ones parents, killing a person, and a deliberate false oath.

Musa ibn Ismail narrated to us; Abu Awanah narrated to us, from al-Amash, from Abu Wail, from Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Whoever swears a binding oath falsely in order to take the property of a Muslim will meet Allah while He is angry with him. Allah then revealed, confirming this: Indeed, those who sell Allahs covenant and their oaths for a small price… to the end of the verse. Al-Ashath ibn Qays then came in and asked, What has Abu Abd al-Rahman related to you? They told him what had been said. He said: It was revealed concerning me. I had a well on the land of a cousin of mine, so I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: Bring your evidence, or he must swear an oath. I said: Then, O Messenger of Allah, he will swear concerning it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Whoever swears a binding oath falsely, while acting wickedly in it, to take the property of a Muslim will meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection while He is angry with him.

Muhammad ibn al-Ala narrated to me; Abu Usamah narrated to us, from Burayd, from Abu Burdah, from Abu Musa, who said: My companions sent me to the Prophet ﷺ to ask him for mounts. He said: By Allah, I will not give you anything to ride. I met him while he was angry. When I came to him, he said: Go to your companions and tell them that Allah—or the Messenger of Allah ﷺ—will provide mounts for you.

Abd al-Aziz narrated to us; Ibrahim narrated to us, from Salih, from Ibn Shihab. (A second chain:) al-Hajjaj narrated to us; Abdullah ibn Umar al-Numayri narrated to us; Yunus ibn Yazid al-Ayli narrated to us, saying: I heard al-Zuhri say: I heard Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, Said ibn al-Musayyab, Alqamah ibn Waqqas, and Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utbah narrate from the report of Aishah, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ, concerning what the people of the slander said about her; Allah declared her innocent of what they said. Each of them related a portion of the report. Allah revealed the ten verses beginning, Indeed, those who brought the slander, all of them concerning my innocence. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, who used to support Mistah because of their kinship, said: By Allah, I will never spend anything on Mistah again after what he said about Aishah. Then Allah revealed the verse, Let not those of virtue and means among you swear not to give to their relatives… Abu Bakr said: Of course, by Allah, I would love for Allah to forgive me. He resumed the support he used to give Mistah and said: By Allah, I will never withdraw it from him.

Abu Mamr narrated to us; Abd al-Warith narrated to us; Ayyub narrated to us, from al-Qasim, from Zahdam, who said: We were with Abu Musa al-Ashari. He said: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with a group of Asharis and found him angry. We asked him for mounts, and he swore that he would not provide them. Then he said: By Allah, if Allah wills, whenever I swear an oath and then see that something else is better, I will do what is better and make expiation for my oath.

Abu al-Yaman narrated to us; Shuaib informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Said ibn al-Musayyab informed me, from his father, who said: When death came to Abu Talib, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to him and said: Say, There is no god but Allah, a word by which I can plead for you before Allah.

Qutaybah ibn Said narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Fudayl narrated to us; Umarah ibn al-Qaqa narrated to us, from Abu Zurah, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Two phrases are light on the tongue, heavy on the Scale, and beloved to the Most Merciful: Glory and praise be to Allah; glory be to Allah, the Magnificent.