Partnership

Abd Allah ibn Yusuf informed us: Malik informed us, from Wahb ibn Kaysan, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a detachment toward the coast and appointed Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah as its commander. They numbered three hundred, and I was among them. We set out, and when we reached part of the way, our provisions ran out. Abu Ubayda ordered the provisions of the army to be gathered. They were all collected, amounting to two bags of dates. He rationed them to us little by little each day until they were gone; then we received only one date at a time. I said, ‘What use is one date?’ He said, ‘We realized its value when it was gone.’

Then we reached the sea and found a fish as large as a small hill. The army ate from it for eighteen nights. Abu Ubayda ordered that two of its ribs be set upright. Then he ordered that a riding camel be saddled, and it passed beneath them without touching them.

Bishr ibn Marhum narrated to us: Hatim ibn Isma'il narrated to us, from Yazid ibn Abi Ubayd, from Salama (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The people’s provisions dwindled and they were in straitened circumstances. They came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) seeking permission to slaughter their camels, and he gave them permission. Umar met them, and they told him. He said, ‘What will sustain you after your camels are gone?’ He went to the Prophet and said, ‘Messenger of Allah, what will sustain them after their camels are gone?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Call out to the people to bring whatever surplus provisions they have.’ A leather mat was spread for this, and they placed the food on it. The Messenger of Allah stood, supplicated, and blessed it. Then he called them to bring their containers, and the people took handfuls until they had finished. Then the Messenger of Allah said: ‘I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that I am the Messenger of Allah.’

Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us: al-Awza'i narrated to us: Abu al-Najashi narrated to us, saying: I heard Rafi ibn Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) say: We used to pray the afternoon prayer with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then slaughter a camel. It would be divided into ten portions, and we would eat cooked meat before sunset.

Muhammad ibn al-Ala' narrated to us: Hammad ibn Usama narrated to us, from Burayd, from Abu Burda, from Abu Musa, who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘When the Ash'aris run short of provisions on a military expedition, or their families’ food in Medina becomes scarce, they gather whatever they have in a single cloth, then share it equally among themselves from one bowl. They are of me, and I am of them.’

Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Muthanna narrated to us, saying: My father told me: Thumama ibn Abd Allah ibn Anas told me that Anas related to him that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote for him the prescribed charity schedule that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had made obligatory. He wrote: ‘When two co-owners have mixed property, they settle their shares between themselves equally.’

Ali ibn al-Hakam al-Ansari narrated to us: Abu Awana narrated to us, from Sa'id ibn Masruq, from Abaya ibn Rifa'a ibn Rafi ibn Khadij, from his grandfather, who said: We were with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at Dhu al-Hulayfa when hunger struck the people, and they obtained camels and sheep. The Prophet was at the rear of the group. They hurried, slaughtered the animals, and set up the pots. The Prophet ordered the pots to be overturned. Then he divided the animals, counting ten sheep as equivalent to one camel. One camel bolted, and they pursued it until they were exhausted. There were few horses among the people, so one man shot an arrow at it, and Allah stopped it. The Prophet said: ‘Some of these animals can become as wild as wild beasts. If one gets away from you, deal with it in this way.’ My grandfather said: ‘We expect—or fear—that we may face the enemy tomorrow, and we have no knives. May we slaughter with reeds?’ He said: ‘Use anything that makes the blood flow and over which Allah’s name is mentioned, and eat it—but not a tooth or a claw. I will tell you why: a tooth is a bone, and a claw is the blade of the Abyssinians.’

Khallad ibn Yahya narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us: Jabala ibn Suhaym narrated to us, saying: I heard Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) say: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade a person from taking two dates together unless he first asks his companions’ permission.

Abu al-Walid narrated to us: Shu'ba narrated to us, from Jabala, who said: We were in Medina when famine struck us. Ibn al-Zubayr used to provide us with dates. Ibn Umar would pass by us and say: ‘Do not take two dates together, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade doing so unless one of you asks his companion’s permission.’

Imran ibn Maysara narrated to us: Abd al-Warith narrated to us: Ayyub narrated to us, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Whoever emancipates his share of an enslaved person—or a partnership share, or a portion—and has enough to cover the person’s value at a fair valuation, the person is fully emancipated. Otherwise, only the portion already emancipated is free.’ The narrator said: I do not know whether the words ‘only the portion already emancipated is free’ are Nafi's words or part of the hadith from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

Bishr ibn Muhammad informed us: Abd Allah informed us: Sa'id ibn Abi Aruba informed us, from Qatada, from al-Nadr ibn Anas, from Bashir ibn Nahik, from Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘Whoever emancipates a portion of an enslaved person must complete that person’s emancipation from his own wealth. If he has no wealth, the enslaved person is fairly valued and then required to work to earn the remainder, without being overburdened.’

Abu Nu'aym narrated to us: Zakariyya narrated to us, saying: I heard Amir say: I heard al-Nu'man ibn Bashir (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrate from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘The example of those who uphold Allah’s limits and those who transgress them is like a group of people who drew lots for places on a ship. Some got the upper deck and some the lower. When those below needed water, they had to pass by those above them. They said, “If we make a hole in our part, we will not trouble those above us.” If the others leave them to do what they intend, they will all perish; but if they restrain them, they will be saved, and all will be saved.’

Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah al-Amiri al-Uwaysi narrated to us: Ibrahim ibn Sa'd narrated to us, from Salih, from Ibn Shihab, who said: Urwa told me that he asked Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her). Al-Layth also said: Yunus told me, from Ibn Shihab, who said: Urwa ibn al-Zubayr informed me that he asked Aisha about Allah’s words, ‘If you fear…’ through ‘and four’ (Qur'an 4:3). She said: ‘My nephew, it concerns an orphan girl under the care of her guardian, who shares in his property. Her wealth and beauty please him, and he wishes to marry her without giving her a fair bridal gift—giving her what another man would give her. They were forbidden to marry such girls unless they dealt justly with them and gave them the customary full bridal gift. They were instructed to marry other women who were suitable for them.’

Urwa said: Aisha said: ‘After this verse, people sought a ruling from the Messenger of Allah, and Allah revealed, “They ask you for a ruling concerning women…” through “and you desire to marry them” (Qur'an 4:127). What Allah says is recited to you in the Book refers to the earlier verse, in which He said, “If you fear that you will not deal justly with orphan girls, then marry women who are suitable for you” (Qur'an 4:3). As for Allah’s words in the later verse, “and you desire to marry them,” they refer to a guardian’s desire to marry the orphan girl in his care when she has little wealth and beauty. They were forbidden to marry orphan girls whose wealth and beauty they desired unless they treated them justly, because they would otherwise have little desire for those girls.’

Abd Allah ibn Muhammad narrated to us: Hisham narrated to us: Ma'mar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Abu Salama, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) established the right of pre-emption in every property that has not been divided. Once boundaries have been set and access paths assigned, there is no right of pre-emption.

Jabir bin `Abdullah reported that the Prophet ruled that the right of pre-emption applies to all property that has not been divided. Once boundaries have been established and roads laid out, there is no right of pre-emption.

Sulaiman ibn Abu Muslim said: I asked Abu Minhal about a spot-for-spot exchange. He said, “A partner and I bought something partly for immediate payment and partly on credit.” Al-Bara ibn Azib came to us, and we asked him about it. He said, “My partner Zayd ibn Arqam and I did the same, and we asked the Prophet about it. He said, ‘Take what is exchanged hand to hand, and leave what is deferred.’”

Abdullah reported that the Messenger of Allah gave Khaybar to the Jews to work and cultivate, in return for half of its produce.

Uqba ibn Amir reported that the Messenger of Allah gave him some sheep to distribute among his Companions as sacrificial animals. One young goat remained, so he mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah, who said, “You sacrifice it.”

Abdullah ibn Hisham’s mother, Zaynab bint Humayd, brought him to the Messenger of Allah and said, “Messenger of Allah, accept his pledge.” He said, “He is still young.” The Prophet wiped his head and prayed for him. Zuhra ibn Ma‘bad also reported that Abdullah’s grandfather would take him to the market to buy food. Ibn Umar and Ibn al-Zubayr would meet him and say, “Let us share with you, for the Prophet prayed that you be blessed.” He would share with them. Sometimes he acquired a whole riding camel and sent it home.

Ibn Umar reported that the Prophet said: “Whoever frees his share in an enslaved person must free the whole person. If he has enough wealth to cover the price, a fair valuation is made, his partners are paid their shares, and the freed person is released.”