Penalty of Hunting while on Pilgrimage

Muadh ibn Fadala narrated to us; Hisham narrated to us, from Yahya, from Abdullah ibn Abi Qatada, who said: “My father set out in the year of al-Hudaybiyyah. His companions entered ihram, but he did not. The Prophet was informed that an enemy force was coming to attack him, so the Prophet set out. While I was with his Companions, some of them were laughing together. I looked and saw a wild ass. I charged it, struck it with my spear, and brought it down. I asked them to help me, but they refused. We ate some of its meat, then feared that we might be cut off from the Prophet. I sought him, urging my horse forward for a while and then proceeding at a walk for a while. In the middle of the night I met a man from Banu Ghifar. I asked him where he had left the Prophet. He said: I left him at Taheen, resting at al-Suqya. I said: Messenger of Allah, your family send you greetings and the mercy of Allah. They fear they may be cut off from you, so please wait for them. I said: Messenger of Allah, I caught a wild ass and have some meat left over from it. He told the people: Eat. They were in ihram.”

Said ibn al-Rabi narrated to us; Ali ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Yahya, from Abdullah ibn Abi Qatada, that his father told him: “We set out with the Prophet in the year of al-Hudaybiyyah. His Companions entered ihram, but I did not. We were informed of an enemy at Ghayqa, so we headed toward them. My companions caught sight of a wild ass, and some of them began laughing together. I looked and saw it, urged my horse toward it, struck it with my spear, and brought it down. I asked them to help me, but they refused. We ate some of it. Then I caught up with the Messenger of Allah. We feared being cut off, so I urged my horse forward for a while and then rode at a walk for a while. In the middle of the night, I met a man from Banu Ghifar and asked where he had left the Messenger of Allah. He said: I left him at Taheen, resting at al-Suqya. I caught up with the Messenger of Allah and said: Messenger of Allah, your Companions sent me to convey their greetings to you, and the mercy and blessings of Allah. They fear the enemy may cut them off from you, so please wait for them. He did so. I said: Messenger of Allah, we hunted a wild ass, and we have some meat left over. The Messenger of Allah told his Companions: Eat. They were in ihram.”

Abdullah ibn Muhammad narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us; Salih ibn Kaysan narrated to us, from Abu Muhammad Nafi, the freedman of Abu Qatada, who heard Abu Qatada (may Allah be pleased with him) say: We were with the Prophet at al-Qaha, three stages from Medina. Ali ibn Abdullah also narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us; Salih ibn Kaysan narrated to us, from Abu Muhammad, from Abu Qatada (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: We were with the Prophet at al-Qaha. Some of us were in ihram and some were not. I saw my companions looking toward something, so I looked and saw a wild ass — that is, his whip had fallen. They said: We will not help you with it at all, because we are in ihram. I reached for it and took it, then approached the wild ass from behind a hillock and brought it down. I brought it to my companions. Some of them said: Eat it, while others said: Do not eat it. I went to the Prophet, who was ahead of us, and asked him. He said: Eat it; it is lawful. Amr said to us: Go to Salih and ask him about this and other reports; he has arrived here with us.

Musa ibn Ismail narrated to us; Abu Awana narrated to us; Uthman, meaning Ibn Mawhab, narrated to us, saying: Abdullah ibn Abi Qatada told me that his father informed him that the Messenger of Allah set out to perform Hajj, and they set out with him. He sent a group of them away, including Abu Qatada, and said: Take the seashore until we meet. They took the seashore. When they turned back, all of them entered ihram except Abu Qatada, who had not entered ihram. While they were traveling, they saw wild asses. Abu Qatada charged at them and brought down a female wild ass. They dismounted and ate some of its meat. They said: Can we eat game meat while we are in ihram? They carried what remained of the meat. When they came to the Messenger of Allah, they said: Messenger of Allah, we had entered ihram, but Abu Qatada had not. We saw wild asses, and Abu Qatada charged at them and brought down a female wild ass. We dismounted and ate some of its meat, then asked whether we could eat game meat while in ihram, and carried what remained of its meat. The Prophet asked: Did any of you tell him to attack them or point them out to him? They replied: No. He said: Then eat what remains of its meat.

Abdullah ibn Yusuf informed us; Malik informed us, from Ibn Shihab, from Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utba ibn Masud, from Abdullah ibn Abbas, from al-Sab ibn Jaththama al-Laythi, that he offered the Messenger of Allah a wild ass while the Prophet was at al-Abwa or Waddan, but he returned it to him. When he saw the disappointment on his face, he said: “We returned it to you only because we are in ihram.”

Abdullah ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Malik informed us, from Nafi, from Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: There are five kinds of animals that a person in ihram may kill without blame. From Abdullah ibn Dinar, from Abdullah ibn Umar, there is also a report that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said… The captured source text ends before the list or the rest of this second wording.

Musaddad narrated to us; Abu Awanah narrated to us, from Zayd ibn Jubayr, who said: I heard Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) say: One of the wives of the Prophet ﷺ related to me from the Prophet ﷺ: A person in ihram may kill… The captured source text ends here.

Asbagh said: Abdullah ibn Wahb informed me, from Yunus, from Ibn Shihab, from Salim, who said: Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that Hafsa said the Messenger of Allah said: “There are five kinds of animals that may be killed without blame: the crow, the kite, the mouse, the scorpion, and the vicious dog.”

Yahya ibn Sulayman said: Ibn Wahb told me; Yunus informed me, from Ibn Shihab, from Urwa, from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), that the Messenger of Allah said: “There are five kinds of harmful creatures that may be killed in the Sacred Precinct: the crow, the kite, the scorpion, the mouse, and the vicious dog.”

Umar ibn Hafs ibn Ghiyath narrated to us; my father narrated to us; al-Amash narrated to us, saying: Ibrahim told me, from al-Aswad, from Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: While we were with the Prophet in a cave at Mina, the chapter al-Mursalat was revealed to him. He was reciting it, and I was receiving it directly from his mouth; his mouth was moist with it. Then a snake leapt at us, and the Prophet said: Kill it. We rushed toward it, but it escaped. The Prophet said: It was spared your harm, just as you were spared its harm.

Ismail said: Malik told me, from Ibn Shihab, from Urwa ibn al-Zubayr, from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet, that the Messenger of Allah called the gecko a little noxious creature. She added: I did not hear him order that it be killed.

Abu Abd Allah said: What we intended to show here is that Mina lies within the Sacred Precinct, and that they saw no objection to killing a snake.

Qutaybah narrated to us; al-Layth narrated to us, from Said ibn Abi Said al-Maqburi, from Abu Shurayh al-Adawi, who said to Amr ibn Said, while he was sending troops to Mecca: Allow me, Commander, to tell you what the Messenger of Allah proclaimed the day after the Conquest. My ears heard it, my heart retained it, and my eyes saw him as he spoke. He praised and lauded Allah, then said: Allah made Mecca a sanctuary; the people did not make it one. So it is not lawful for anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day to shed blood there or cut down one of its trees. If anyone claims an exception for fighting on the basis that the Messenger of Allah fought there, tell him: Allah permitted it for His Messenger, but did not permit it for you. He permitted it for me only for an hour of a day, and today its inviolability has returned as it was yesterday. Let those present convey this to those absent. Abu Shurayh was asked: What did Amr say to you? He replied: Amr said, I know this better than you, Abu Shurayh. The Sanctuary does not protect a disobedient person, one fleeing on account of bloodshed, or one fleeing on account of a crime. The gloss says: Kharba, an affliction.

Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to us; Abd al-Wahhab narrated to us; Khalid narrated to us, from Ikrima, from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Prophet said: “Allah made Mecca a sanctuary. It was not lawful for anyone before me, nor will it be lawful for anyone after me. It was made lawful for me only for an hour of a day. Its vegetation must not be cut, its trees must not be felled, its game must not be disturbed, and its lost property must not be picked up except by someone who will announce it publicly.” Al-Abbas said: “Messenger of Allah, except for idhkhir grass, which our goldsmiths and our graves need.” The Prophet said: “Except for idhkhir.” Khalid also reported, from Ikrima, who said: “Do you know what it means not to disturb its game? It means moving it out of the shade so that another may settle in its place.”

Uthman ibn Abi Shayba narrated to us; Jarir narrated to us, from Mansur, from Mujahid, from Tawus, from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said that on the day Mecca was conquered the Prophet said: There is no Hijrah, but there is striving in the cause of Allah and sincere intention. When you are called to mobilize, go forth. Allah made this land sacred on the day He created the heavens and the earth, and it remains sacred by His decree until the Day of Resurrection. Fighting in it was not permitted to anyone before me, and it was permitted to me only for an hour during a day. It is therefore sacred by Allah decree until the Day of Resurrection. Its thorny plants must not be cut, its game must not be disturbed, its lost property must not be picked up except by someone who will announce it publicly, and its vegetation must not be cut. Al-Abbas said: Messenger of Allah, except for idhkhir, since it is needed by their blacksmiths and for their homes. The Prophet said: Except for idhkhir.

Ali ibn Abdullah narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us. Amr said: The first thing I heard Ata say was: I heard Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) say that the Messenger of Allah was cupped while in ihram. Then I heard Ata say: Tawus told me, from Ibn Abbas. So I thought perhaps Ata heard it from both of them.

Khalid ibn Makhlad narrated to us; Sulayman ibn Bilal narrated to us, from Alqama ibn Abi Alqama, from Abd al-Rahman al-Araj, from Ibn Buhayna (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet was cupped while in ihram at Lahy Jamal, in the middle of his head.

Abu al-Mughira Abd al-Quddus ibn al-Hajjaj narrated to us; al-Awzai narrated to us; Ata ibn Abi Rabah told me, from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Prophet married Maymunah while in ihram.

Abdullah ibn Yazid narrated to us; al-Layth narrated to us; Nafi narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: A man stood and asked: Messenger of Allah, what clothing do you command us to wear while in ihram? The Prophet said: Do not wear shirts, trousers, turbans, or hooded cloaks. If someone has no sandals, let him wear leather socks, but cut them to below the ankles. Do not wear anything touched by saffron or wars dye. A woman in ihram must not wear a face veil or gloves. Musa ibn Uqba, Ismail ibn Ibrahim ibn Uqba, Juwayriya, and Ibn Ishaq corroborated him regarding the face veil and gloves. Ubaydullah also reported the prohibition of wars dye, and he used to say that a woman in ihram must not wear a face veil or gloves. Malik reported, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, that a woman in ihram must not wear a face veil. Layth ibn Abi Sulaym corroborated him.