(The brother of the wife of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). Juwaira bint Al-Harith) When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) died, he did not leave any Dirham or Dinar (i.e. money), a slave or a slave woman or anything else except his white mule, his arms and a piece of land which he had given in charity .
Hadith Context and Authenticity
This narration from Sahih al-Bukhari 2739 in the Book of Wills and Testaments (Wasaayaa) describes the modest worldly possessions of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) at the time of his passing. The mention of Juwaira bint Al-Harith establishes the chain of transmission through Aisha (ra), whose sister was married to the Prophet.
Scholarly Commentary on the Prophet's Estate
Classical scholars emphasize that the Prophet's lack of material wealth demonstrates his complete detachment from worldly possessions and his focus on the hereafter. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani notes this exemplifies the Prophetic model of zuhd (asceticism) while fulfilling responsibilities.
The white mule was a gift from the Byzantine ruler and served as transportation. His arms refer to military equipment necessary for defending the Muslim community. The charitable land mentioned was in Khaibar, which the Prophet had designated as sadaqah (ongoing charity) for wayfarers and needs of the community.
Legal and Spiritual Implications
Islamic jurists derive from this hadith that leaving behind wealth is not blameworthy if acquired lawfully and used properly. The Prophet's minimal inheritance indicates preference for simplicity and prevention of disputes over material possessions.
Scholars like Al-Nawawi highlight that the Prophet's estate being primarily charitable endowments teaches Muslims the importance of leaving behind ongoing charity (sadaqah jariyah) that continues to benefit one after death.
Practical Lessons for Muslims
This narration guides Muslims toward moderation in worldly matters, proper estate planning through wills, and prioritizing charitable giving. It demonstrates that true wealth lies not in material accumulation but in spiritual riches and benefits that extend beyond one's lifetime.