Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated, ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about what the person who is in a state of Ihram (Muhrim) should wear. He answered, "A person in the state of Ihram. is not allowed to wear a sewn shirt, a turban, trousers, a hooded robe, shoes or sewn slippers (Khuff), unless one is unable to find unsown slippers, then he may wear his Khuff or shoes provided one cuts them below the ankles, and you must not wear clothing that has been dyed with sweet smelling fragrance (such as saffron).” Agreed upon, and the wording is from Muslim.
The Prohibitions of Ihram in Hajj
From the blessed hadith of Ibn 'Umar recorded in Bulugh al-Maram 731, we learn the specific garments forbidden for the Muhrim. The Prophet ﷺ explicitly prohibited sewn garments including shirts, turbans, trousers, and hooded robes, as these indicate comfort and adornment contrary to the state of ritual consecration.
Scholarly Interpretation of Footwear
The prohibition extends to footwear that covers the ankles, such as sewn slippers (Khuff) and shoes. The scholars explain this prevents complete covering of the feet, maintaining the humility required in Ihram. The exception for those unable to find sandals demonstrates the Shari'ah's consideration of necessity.
When cutting footwear below the ankles becomes necessary, the scholars stipulate the cut must be sufficient to expose the ankle bones, transforming the garment from its original sewn state to merely protective covering.
The Wisdom Behind Prohibitions
The prohibition of fragrant-dyed clothing, particularly saffron, serves multiple wisdoms. Firstly, it prevents attracting attention through adornment. Secondly, it eliminates potential sources of sensual pleasure that contradict the spiritual focus of Ihram. The scholars note this includes all perfumed substances, not merely saffron.
Legal Rulings and Exceptions
The consensus of scholars holds that violating these prohibitions intentionally requires expiation (fidyah), except in cases of genuine forgetfulness or ignorance. The permissibility in cases of necessity reflects the fundamental principle that hardship calls for ease in Islamic law.