عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُّ الذَّنْبِ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَنْ تَدْعُوَ لِلَّهِ نِدًّا وَهُوَ خَلَقَكَ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَيٌّ قَالَ ثمَّ أَنْ تَقْتُلَ وَلَدَكَ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَطْعَمَ مَعَكَ قَالَ ثمَّ أَي قَالَ ثمَّ أَن تُزَانِي بحليلة جَارك فَأنْزل الله عز وَجل تَصْدِيقَهَا (وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يزنون وَمن يفعل ذَلِك يلق أثاما) الْآيَة
Translation

Abu Huraira reported God’s messenger as saying, “Avoid the seven noxious things." When his hearers asked, “What are they, messenger of God?" he replied, “Associating anything with God, magic, killing one whom God has declared inviolate without a just cause, devouring usury, consuming the property of an orphan, turning back when the army advances, and slandering chaste women who are believers but indiscreet." (Bukhari and Muslim.)

Comment

The Seven Noxious Things - Mishkat al-Masabih 52

This hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim enumerates the seven destructive sins that Muslims must strictly avoid, as they corrupt faith and society.

Shirk: Associating Partners with God

The gravest sin is shirk - attributing partners to Allah in worship or divinity. This nullifies tawhid (divine unity) and cannot be forgiven unless repented from before death.

Magic and Sorcery

Practicing sihr involves seeking help from jinn and devils, constituting disbelief. It manipulates creation through forbidden means and disrupts divine order.

Unlawful Killing

Taking life without legitimate Islamic justification - such as murder, killing non-combatants, or extrajudicial execution - violates Allah's sanctity of life.

Riba: Usury and Interest

Consuming riba constitutes economic exploitation, forbidden for causing societal harm and injustice. It includes all forms of interest-based transactions.

Misappropriating Orphan Wealth

Unjustly consuming orphan property violates divine trust. Guardians must protect and increase such wealth until orphans reach maturity.

Desertion in Battle

Fleeing when the Muslim army advances demonstrates cowardice and weak faith, except in legitimate tactical maneuvers permitted by Islamic law.

Slandering Chaste Women

Accusing believing women of unchastity without four witnesses destroys reputations and families. This requires severe legal punishment (hadd) for false accusers.