Abu Huraira reported God’s messenger as saying, “If anyone forgets when he is fasting and eats or drinks he should complete his fast, for it is only God who has fed him and given him drink.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
The Excellence of Divine Provision
This noble hadith from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) establishes a fundamental principle regarding the sanctity and conditions of fasting. The Messenger clarifies that forgetfulness during fasting does not invalidate the fast, for Allah Himself has provided that nourishment.
Scholarly Commentary on Forgetfulness
According to classical scholars like Imam Nawawi in his commentary on Sahih Muslim, this hadith demonstrates Allah's mercy toward His servants. The one who eats or drinks out of genuine forgetfulness is excused, as intention (niyyah) remains intact while conscious awareness is temporarily absent.
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani in Fath al-Bari explains that the phrase "it is only God who has fed him" indicates this was a special divine provision beyond the person's volition. The command to complete the fast confirms its continued validity despite the accidental consumption.
Juridical Implications
The ruling applies equally to eating, drinking, or sexual intercourse occurring due to genuine forgetfulness. Scholars distinguish this from negligence - the forgetful person must immediately cease upon remembering and continue their fast without requiring makeup (qada) or expiation (kaffarah).
This ruling reflects the Islamic principle that actions are judged by intentions, and Allah does not burden a soul beyond what it can bear. The accidental breaking of fast becomes a manifestation of divine grace rather than a spiritual deficiency.
Spiritual Dimensions
This teaching embodies the balance between divine decree and human responsibility. While Muslims must observe fasting with diligence, Allah's mercy accommodates human fallibility. The incident becomes a reminder of complete dependence on Allah for both spiritual discipline and physical sustenance.