Marriage Rights in Islam

From the blessed compilation "Mishkat al-Masabih" (Hadith 3259), we find this profound teaching concerning the rights of wives upon their husbands. This tradition, transmitted through the authoritative chains of Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and Ibn Majah, illuminates the sacred responsibilities within marriage.

Scholarly Commentary on Wifely Rights

The Prophet's response encompasses four fundamental rights: First, the provision of sustenance - "give her food when you eat" establishes the principle of equitable sharing, not mere subsistence. Classical scholars like Imam Nawawi explain this means providing food of similar quality to what the husband consumes himself.

Second, "clothe her when you clothe yourself" extends beyond basic covering to dignified apparel suitable to her station and climate. Scholars emphasize this includes all necessary garments for different seasons and occasions.

Third, "not strike her on the face" - the face being the seat of human dignity. Classical commentators note this prohibition extends to any disfiguring or humiliating blows, though Islam generally discourages physical discipline altogether, permitting only symbolic measures in extreme cases of moral corruption.

Fourth, "do not revile her or separate from her except in the house" - revilement (sabb) includes verbal abuse and cursing. The prohibition against separation outside the home refers to the practice of ila' (abandonment), ensuring marital disputes remain private and reconciliation remains possible.

Harmonization with Quranic Guidance

This hadith beautifully complements Quran 4:34, which outlines the reciprocal nature of marital rights. While the Quran establishes the husband's role as maintainer (qawwam), this prophetic tradition specifies the practical manifestations of that responsibility. Classical scholars like Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya note that these rights form the minimum requirements, with the ideal being treatment that exceeds these basics with kindness and generosity.