Mishkat al-Masabih
Mishkat al-Masabih 1076
وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ الْأَذَانُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ لِحَاجَةٍ وَهُوَ لَا يُرِيدُ الرّجْعَة فَهُوَ مُنَافِق» . رَوَاهُ ابْن مَاجَه
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
ʿUthman ibn ʿAffan reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever is in the mosque when the call to prayer reaches him, then leaves without a need and without intending to return, is a hypocrite.” Ibn Majah transmitted it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source’s qualification is twofold: the person leaves without a need and does not intend to return.