‘Uthman performed ablution, pouring water over his hands three times, then rinsing his mouth and snuffing up water, then washing his face three times, then washing his right arm up to the elbow three times, then washing his left arm up to the elbow three times, then wiping his head, then washing his right foot three times, then the left three times. He then said, “I have seen God’s messenger performing ablution as I have done it just now,” adding, “If anyone performs ablution as I have done, then prays two rak'as* without allowing his thoughts to be distracted, his past offences will be forgiven him.”*A section of the daily prayers. Each time of prayer has a specified number of rak'as(Bukhari and Muslim, the wording being Bukhari’s.)
Purification: The Excellence of Complete Ablution
From the Book: Mishkat al-Masabih | Hadith Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 287
The Methodical Nature of Wudu
The narration from 'Uthman ibn 'Affan demonstrates the Prophetic method of ablution in its complete form. Each action is performed thrice, indicating the recommended perfection of wudu. This systematic approach ensures thorough cleansing while maintaining the sunnah's prescribed sequence.
Beginning with washing hands three times purifies the instruments of purification. The mouth and nose cleansing follows, as these are gateways for impurities. The face washing encompasses what is between the hairline and chin, ear to ear. The arms are washed including the elbows, demonstrating completeness in fulfilling the divine command.
The Spiritual Dimensions of Ablution
The wiping of the head differs from washing, requiring only moistening the hands and passing them over the head. This distinction highlights the varying degrees of purification required for different limbs. The feet are washed thoroughly, including the ankles, completing the physical purification.
'Uthman's explicit statement that he witnessed the Prophet performing wudu in this manner establishes this as the exemplary method. The spiritual reward mentioned - forgiveness of past sins - is contingent upon both proper physical performance and mental presence during the subsequent prayer.
The Connection Between Outer and Inner Purity
The condition "without allowing his thoughts to be distracted" emphasizes that mere physical ritual is insufficient. The heart must accompany the limbs in worship. This complete wudu followed by focused prayer serves as both physical purification and spiritual renewal, washing away minor sins as water washes away physical impurities.
This narration combines both the outward form and inward essence of worship, demonstrating that Islamic rituals integrate body and soul in the pursuit of divine pleasure and forgiveness.