Do you not remember that you and I were on a journey and you did not pray, but I rolled myself on the ground, then prayed? I mentioned that afterwards to the Prophet, and he said,“It would have been enough for you to do thus”—and the Prophet struck the ground with the palms of his hands, blew into them, then wiped his face and the palms of his hands with them. Bukhari transmitted it, and Muslim has something similar, in which he said, “It is enough for you to strike the ground with your hands, then blow, then wipe your face and the palms of your hands with them.”
Purification - Mishkat al-Masabih 528
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon our Master Muhammad, his family, and companions.
Hadith Commentary
This noble hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim addresses the important matter of tayammum (dry ablution) when water is unavailable or its use would cause harm. The incident demonstrates the Companions' diligence in seeking proper guidance from the Prophet (peace be upon him).
The Prophet's correction shows that tayammum requires only striking pure earth with both palms, blowing lightly to remove excess dust, then wiping the face and hands. This simplified procedure replaces wudu (ablution) and ghusl (ritual bath) under specific circumstances, demonstrating Allah's mercy in facilitating worship.
Juridical Rulings
Tayammum is permitted when: no water is available within reasonable distance; water is available but one fears for one's life, property, or honor; one is ill and water would worsen the condition; or water is needed for drinking and preservation of life takes precedence.
The valid materials for tayammum are pure earth, sand, stone, or any natural surface containing dust. The procedure must follow the Prophetic example: intention, striking the earth, blowing, then wiping face and hands up to the wrists.
Spiritual Wisdom
This teaching exemplifies Islam's balance between spiritual purity and practical facilitation. While physical purification is essential for prayer, Allah in His wisdom provides alternatives that maintain the spirit of worship without imposing hardship.
The Companions' immediate referral to the Prophet (peace be upon him) for clarification establishes the fundamental principle of returning all matters to the Quran and Sunnah, ensuring religious practices remain pure from innovation.