He reported God's Messenger as saying, “He who strangles himself will do so in hell, and he who thrusts a spear into himself will do so in hell.” Bukhari transmitted it.
The Prohibition of Suicide in Islamic Law
This hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari, as recorded in Mishkat al-Masabih 3454, establishes the absolute prohibition of suicide in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) explicitly warns that those who take their own lives through strangulation or stabbing will face the same action in the Fire of Hell as punishment.
Scholarly Commentary on the Nature of the Prohibition
Classical scholars explain that suicide constitutes a major sin because it represents a violation of God's ultimate ownership over human life. Only the Creator who gives life has the right to take it away.
The specific mention of strangulation and spear-thrusting indicates that all methods of self-destruction are included in this prohibition, as the ruling is based on the essence of the act rather than the specific means employed.
Theological Implications and Divine Justice
The punishment mentioned—repeating the suicidal act in Hell—demonstrates the principle of appropriate recompense in Islamic eschatology. This serves as both a deterrent and a reminder of God's perfect justice.
Scholars emphasize that while suicide is gravely sinful, final judgment rests with God alone, who may forgive any sin except shirk (associating partners with God) according to His infinite mercy.
Practical Guidance for the Believer
This teaching directs Muslims toward patience during trials and trust in divine wisdom. Rather than despair, believers are encouraged to seek lawful remedies for suffering through prayer, community support, and professional help when needed.
The preservation of life is considered a fundamental objective of Islamic law, and every legitimate means of protecting mental and physical well-being should be pursued within the boundaries of faith.