‘Abdallah b. Mas'ud told that God’s Messenger said to them, “After my death you will see [rulers] appropriating the best things for themselves and other matters which you will disapprove.” He was asked what he commanded them to do and replied, “Give them what is due to them and ask God for what is due to you.” (Bukhari and Muslim).
The Offices of Commander and Qadi - Mishkat al-Masabih 3672
This prophetic tradition from 'Abdallah ibn Mas'ud, recorded in both Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, addresses the critical matter of dealing with unjust rulers in the Muslim community after the Prophet's time.
Context and Meaning
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) foresaw that after his departure, some rulers would emerge who would prioritize their personal interests over public welfare, appropriating the best resources and engaging in practices contrary to Islamic principles.
The companions' question "What do you command us to do?" reflects their concern about maintaining religious integrity while living under such leadership.
Scholarly Commentary
Classical scholars interpret "Give them what is due to them" as fulfilling the legitimate rights of rulers - such as obedience in matters not involving disobedience to God, payment of lawful taxes, and maintaining social order - while withholding obedience in matters of clear sin.
"Ask God for what is due to you" emphasizes turning to divine assistance rather than armed rebellion, preserving community unity while seeking justice through spiritual means. This approach prevents civil strife (fitna) while maintaining principle.
Practical Application
This teaching establishes the Sunni position of patient endurance under imperfect governance while working for reform through lawful means. It balances the obligation to speak truth to power with the wisdom of avoiding unnecessary conflict that could harm the broader Muslim community.
The hadith provides guidance for Muslims living under various political systems throughout history, emphasizing spiritual resilience and principled engagement rather than revolutionary upheaval.