Wa’il b. Hujr told that Salama b. Yazid al-Ju‘fi questioned God’s Messenger saying, “Prophet of God, tell us what you command us to do if commanders arise over us who demand of us what is due to them and refuse us what is due to us.” He replied, “Listen and obey, for they are responsible only for what has been laid on them (cf. Al-Qur’an, 24:54) and you for what has been laid on you.” Muslim transmitted it.
The Offices of Commander and Qadi - Mishkat al-Masabih 3673
This commentary examines the hadith transmitted by Muslim concerning obedience to rulers, as narrated by Wa'il ibn Hujr regarding Salama ibn Yazid al-Ju'fi's question to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Context and Meaning
The question addresses a common scenario where rulers fulfill their rights but neglect their duties toward the people. The Prophet's response establishes the principle of conditional obedience to authority.
The phrase "they are responsible only for what has been laid on them" indicates that rulers bear accountability before Allah for their governance, while subjects are accountable for their obedience within Islamic boundaries.
Scholarly Interpretation
Classical scholars like Imam Nawawi explained that obedience to rulers is obligatory only in matters that do not involve disobedience to Allah. If commanders order something sinful, neither listening nor obedience is permitted.
The reference to Qur'an 24:54 ("Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you") reinforces that obedience to rulers is secondary to obedience to Allah and His Messenger.
Practical Application
This teaching maintains social order while preserving religious integrity. Muslims must fulfill their duties to rulers but remain vigilant against religious compromise.
The hadith does not justify tyranny but establishes a framework for community stability while affirming ultimate accountability to Divine law.