He told that he heard God’s Messenger say, “Anyone who is asked by God to take charge of subjects and does not protect them with good counsel will not smell the fragrance of paradise.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
The Offices of Commander and Qadi - Mishkat al-Masabih 3687
This narration from Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim addresses the grave responsibility of leadership in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) establishes that divine appointment to authority carries with it an immense trust (amanah) toward those under one's care.
Exegesis of the Hadith
"Good counsel" (nasiha) here encompasses comprehensive protection of subjects' rights, including their religion, lives, honor, and property. Classical scholars like Imam an-Nawawi explain this requires sincere guidance, justice in judgment, and safeguarding public welfare.
The severe warning - deprivation of paradise's fragrance - indicates the magnitude of this obligation. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani notes this punishment specifically targets leaders who neglect their duty despite having capability, highlighting Islam's emphasis on social justice and accountability.
Scholarly Commentary
Imam al-Qurtubi states this hadith establishes that leadership is a religious duty, not merely political office. The ruler serves as God's trustee and will be accountable for every subject under their care on Judgment Day.
Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali emphasizes that "good counsel" requires prioritizing subjects' interests over personal gain, consulting knowledgeable people, and implementing Shariah-compliant policies that ensure justice and mercy for all.