‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr b. al-‘As reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Those who act justly will be with God on pulpits of light* at the right hand of the Compassionate One, and both His hands are right. They are those who are just in their jurisdiction, towards their people and what is under their charge.” Muslim transmitted it.*This phrase is explained either in a literal sense, or as indicating their high station.
The Offices of Commander and Qadi
Mishkat al-Masabih 3690
Textual Analysis
This noble hadith from Imam Muslim's collection establishes the supreme status of those who uphold justice in positions of authority. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) specifically mentions three domains of justice: judicial jurisdiction, leadership over people, and stewardship of entrusted matters.
Scholarly Commentary
The "pulpits of light" (manaabir min nuur) symbolize the luminous station of the just rulers in the hereafter. Classical scholars like Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani explain that light represents guidance, purity, and divine acceptance. Being at the "right hand of the Compassionate" indicates proximity to divine mercy and honor.
The specification that "both His hands are right" negates any anthropomorphic understanding and emphasizes God's perfect attributes beyond human comprehension. Scholars like al-Qurtubi note this phrasing prevents any literal interpretation of divine attributes.
Jurisdictional Implications
Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali comments that this hadith encompasses all forms of authority - judges (qadis), governors (wulaat), and administrators. The justice required extends beyond legal verdicts to include fair treatment of subordinates, proper management of resources, and equitable distribution of rights.
Al-Nawawi emphasizes that this promise applies equally to Muslim and non-Muslim subjects under one's care, reflecting the universal nature of Islamic justice.
Spiritual Significance
This tradition, as explained in Mishkat al-Masabih, serves as both encouragement and warning. It motivates rulers to transcend personal interests while reminding them of ultimate accountability. The celestial reward contrasts sharply with the punishment awaiting oppressors, making justice both a worldly necessity and spiritual imperative.