‘A'isha reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The man who is most hateful to God is the one who quarrels and disputes most.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
The Offices of Commander and Qadi - Mishkat al-Masabih 3762
A commentary by Imam Mishkat al-Masabih on the hadith concerning disputation and quarreling.
Textual Analysis
The Prophet (peace be upon him) describes the most hateful person to Allah as "al-aladd" - one who engages excessively in quarreling and disputation. This term carries connotations of stubborn opposition and contentious argumentation.
The dual emphasis on "quarrels and disputes" indicates both the intensity and persistence of such behavior, suggesting a personality trait rather than occasional disagreement.
Spiritual Implications
This severe condemnation stems from how disputation corrupts the heart, breeds arrogance, and destroys brotherhood. The quarreler prioritizes victory over truth and ego over unity.
Such behavior directly opposes the Islamic virtues of humility, patience, and seeking common understanding. It fractures community bonds and distracts from worship.
Practical Application
Scholars distinguish between beneficial discussion seeking truth and harmful argumentation seeking dominance. The former is encouraged when conducted with proper etiquette.
Muslims must examine their intentions in disagreements. Legitimate scholarly debate differs greatly from personal quarreling over worldly matters or stubborn opposition to clear truth.
Historical Context
This teaching was particularly relevant during periods of theological and legal development, reminding scholars to maintain proper conduct even in vigorous academic discourse.
The warning applies equally to political disputes, family conflicts, and everyday interactions where pride may overcome wisdom and compassion.