The Book of Faith - Sahih Muslim 47a

This noble hadith from Sahih Muslim contains three essential teachings that distinguish the complete believer, combining correct belief with righteous action.

Guardianship of Speech

"He who believes in Allah and the Last Day should either utter good words or better keep silence" - This establishes that faith necessitates controlling one's tongue. Good speech includes remembrance of Allah, beneficial knowledge, kind words, and truthfulness. Silence is preferred when speech contains no benefit or may cause harm, as the believer is accountable for every word on Judgment Day.

Neighborly Rights

"He who believes in Allah and the Last Day should treat his neighbour with kindness" - The Prophet emphasized neighbors' rights so frequently that companions thought they might inherit from one another. Kindness includes not harming them, sharing food, offering help, visiting when sick, and overlooking faults. This extends to Muslims and non-Muslims alike.

Hospitality to Guests

"He who believes in Allah and the Last Day should show hospitality to his guest" - Hospitality is a noble Islamic tradition honoring the guest for three days. The believer hosts cheerfully, providing the best available without extravagance. This demonstrates generosity, strengthens social bonds, and follows the example of Prophet Ibrahim, the friend of Allah.

Scholarly Commentary

Imam Nawawi explains that these three matters are mentioned together because they are commonly neglected despite their importance. True faith manifests in controlling speech, honoring neighbors, and welcoming guests - all reflecting consciousness of Allah and the Hereafter.

Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali notes that these teachings connect inward belief with outward conduct, showing that Islam regulates all aspects of life. The repetition of "he who believes in Allah and the Last Day" emphasizes that these actions are necessary consequences of genuine faith.