It is narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah that a woman was found killed in one of the battles fought by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He disapproved of the killing of women and children.
The Book of Jihad and Expeditions - Sahih Muslim 1744a
This narration from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud establishes a fundamental principle in Islamic warfare prohibiting the killing of non-combatants, particularly women and children.
Scholarly Commentary
The Prophet's disapproval demonstrates that Islamic military ethics strictly forbid targeting civilians and non-combatants, even during active hostilities.
Classical scholars like Imam Nawawi explains this hadith establishes that women, children, the elderly, monks, and other non-combatants are protected unless they directly participate in fighting.
This prohibition reflects the Quranic principle of proportionality in warfare and the preservation of innocent life, which distinguishes Islamic military conduct from indiscriminate warfare.
Legal Implications
This narration forms the basis for Islamic international law regarding protected persons in armed conflict.
Scholars unanimously agree that killing non-combatants without legitimate military necessity constitutes a major sin and violation of Islamic law.
The exception occurs only when such individuals actively participate in combat operations against Muslims.