The Book of Legal Punishments

Ibn Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stoned a Jewish man and woman who had committed adultery. The Jews brought them to him, and the report continues with wording similar to the preceding narration.

Ibn Umar reported that the Jews brought a man and a woman who had committed adultery to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). The rest is like the report of Ubaydullah from Nafi.

Al-Bara ibn Azib reported: A blackened and flogged Jewish man was brought past the Prophet (ﷺ). He called the Jews and asked whether this was the punishment prescribed in their Book for adultery. They said yes. He summoned one of their scholars and adjured him by Allah, who revealed the Torah to Moses, to say whether this was the prescribed punishment. The scholar said no, and that he would not have told him had he not adjured him by Allah. The Torah prescribed stoning, but adultery had become common among their elites. When they caught an elite offender, they let him go; when they caught a weak person, they applied the punishment. They agreed on a punishment for both rich and poor: blackening the face and flogging instead of stoning. The Messenger of Allah said: O Allah, I am the first to revive Your command after they had put it to death. He ordered that the man be stoned. Then Allah revealed the verses beginning, O Messenger, do not let those who rush into disbelief grieve you, through the words, if this is given to you, accept it. The Jews had said to go to Muhammad: if he orders blackening and flogging, accept it; if he gives a ruling of stoning, avoid it. Allah also revealed: Those who do not judge by what Allah has revealed are disbelievers; wrongdoers; and defiantly disobedient. These verses were revealed concerning the disbelievers.

This hadith is transmitted through the same chain from al-Amash up to the point where the Prophet ordered the man stoned. This version does not mention the later revelation of the verses.

Jabir ibn Abdullah reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) stoned a man from Aslam, and a Jewish man and his wife.

This report from Jabir about the Jewish adulterers is transmitted from Ibn Jurayj with the added wording and a woman.

Abu Ishaq al-Shaybani said: I asked Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa whether the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) applied stoning. He said yes. I asked whether that was before or after Surat al-Nur was revealed. He said he did not know.

Abu Huraira reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: If a slave woman belonging to one of you commits adultery and this is established, flog her with the prescribed punishment and do not reproach her. If she commits adultery again, flog her with the prescribed punishment and do not reproach her. If she commits adultery a third time and it is established, sell her, even for a rope of hair.

This hadith is transmitted from Abu Huraira through several chains. In the version of Ibn Ishaq, it says that after an enslaved woman is flogged for adultery three times, she should be sold on the fourth occurrence.

Abu Huraira reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about an enslaved woman who committed adultery and had not been previously married. He said: If she commits adultery, flog her. If she does so again, flog her. If she does so a third time, sell her, even for a rope. Ibn Shihab said he did not know whether the Prophet said this after the third or fourth occurrence. The version of al-Qanabi explains that the word dafir means rope.

This hadith is transmitted from Abu Huraira and Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhani. This version omits Ibn Shihab explanation that dafir means rope.

This hadith is transmitted from Abu Huraira and Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhani with wording like Malik report. The narrators in these versions are uncertain whether selling the enslaved woman was mentioned after the third or fourth occurrence.

Abd al-Rahman reported that Ali delivered a sermon and said: O people, apply the prescribed punishment to your enslaved people, whether they have been previously married or not. A slave woman belonging to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) committed adultery, and he instructed me to flog her. She had recently given birth, and I feared that flogging her might kill her. I mentioned this to the Prophet, and he said: You did well.

This hadith is transmitted from al-Suddi through the same chain. This version omits the words about those previously married and those not, and adds: Leave her until she recovers.

Anas ibn Malik reported that a man who had drunk wine was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ). He flogged him about forty times with two palm stalks. Abu Bakr did the same. When Umar became caliph, he consulted the people, and Abd al-Rahman said that the lightest prescribed punishment was eighty lashes. Umar then ordered eighty.

This hadith is transmitted from Anas through another chain, with similar wording.

Anas ibn Malik reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) flogged people for drinking wine with palm branches and sandals. Abu Bakr flogged forty lashes. When Umar became caliph and people had spread into the countryside and towns, he asked their opinion on flogging for wine. Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf said: I think you should set it at the lightest prescribed punishment. Umar then flogged eighty lashes.

This hadith is transmitted from Hisham through the same chain, with the same wording.

Anas reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to strike forty times with sandals and palm branches for drinking wine. The rest of the hadith is similar to the two reports, but it does not mention pastures or villages.

Hudayn ibn al-Mundhir Abu Sasan said: I witnessed Uthman ibn Affan when al-Walid was brought to him after having prayed two rakahs of the dawn prayer. He said: I will increase this for you. Two men testified against him: Humran testified that he had drunk wine, and another testified that he had seen him vomiting. Uthman said: He would not have vomited unless he had drunk it. He said: Ali, stand and flog him. Ali said: Hasan, stand and flog him. Hasan replied: Let the one who enjoyed its coolness bear its heat. Ali seemed displeased with him, and said: Abdullah ibn Jafar, stand and flog him. Abdullah flogged him while Ali counted until he reached forty. Ali said: Stop. Then he said: The Prophet (ﷺ) flogged forty, Abu Bakr flogged forty, and Umar flogged eighty. All are sunnah, but this is dearer to me. Ali ibn Hujr added in his version: Ismail said, I heard the report of al-Danaj from him, but I did not retain it.