The time of the noon prayer (lasts) as long as it is not afternoon, and the time of the afternoon prayer (lasts) as long as the sun does not turn pale and the time of the evening prayer (lasts) as long as the spreading appearance of the redness above the horizon after sunset does not sink down, and the, time of the night prayer (lasts) by midnight and the time of the morning prayer (lasts) as long as the sun dots not rise.
The Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer - Sahih Muslim 612 b
This hadith from Sahih Muslim establishes the five daily prayer times according to the Prophetic tradition, serving as a fundamental pillar of Islamic worship.
Commentary on Noon Prayer (Dhuhr)
The time for Dhuhr begins when the sun passes its zenith and lasts until the shadow of an object becomes equal to its length plus the shadow at midday. The phrase "as long as it is not afternoon" indicates the prayer must be completed before Asr time commences.
Commentary on Afternoon Prayer (Asr)
"As long as the sun does not turn pale" refers to the period when the sun's intensity diminishes and its light becomes yellowish. Scholars differ whether this marks the end of the preferred time or the absolute deadline, with most considering it the time of necessity (karahah).
Commentary on Evening Prayer (Maghrib)
The "spreading appearance of redness" refers to the twilight after sunset. This prayer time is brief and must be performed promptly, ending when the red horizon glow disappears. Delaying Maghrib without valid reason is strongly discouraged.
Commentary on Night Prayer (Isha)
"By midnight" means the time extends until the middle of the night. Most scholars consider this the preferred time limit, though the prayer remains valid until dawn under necessity. The calculation of midnight is based on the time between sunset and dawn.
Commentary on Morning Prayer (Fajr)
The time begins with the true dawn (horizontal light spread) and ends at sunrise. The "false dawn" (vertical light) does not mark the prayer time. Once the sun begins to appear, the prayer time has expired and must be made up later.