May I not inform you about the inmates of Paradise? They said: Do this, of course. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) said: Every humble person who is considered to be humble if he were to adjure In the name of Allah, He would fulfil it. He then said: May I not inform you about the denizens of Hell-Fire? They said: Yes. And he said: Every haughty, fat and proud (person).
The Book of Paradise, its Description, its Bounties and its Inhabitants
Sahih Muslim - Hadith 2853a
Hadith Text
May I not inform you about the inmates of Paradise? They said: Do this, of course. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) said: Every humble person who is considered to be humble if he were to adjure In the name of Allah, He would fulfil it. He then said: May I not inform you about the denizens of Hell-Fire? They said: Yes. And he said: Every haughty, fat and proud (person).
Scholarly Commentary
This noble hadith from Sahih Muslim distinguishes between the inhabitants of Paradise and Hellfire through their moral characteristics. The people of Paradise are described as the mustada'af - those who are humble, meek, and considered insignificant in worldly terms. Their humility before Allah is such that when they swear by Him, He honors their oath due to their sincerity and truthfulness.
The denizens of Hellfire are characterized by three traits: jabbār (tyrannical), 'annān (obstinate in wrongdoing), and mustakbir (arrogant). These qualities represent different manifestations of pride against divine command. The term "fat" mentioned refers not merely to physical obesity but symbolizes those swollen with arrogance and self-importance, whose hearts have become hardened against truth.
This teaching emphasizes that spiritual rank is determined by inner qualities rather than outward appearances or worldly status. Humility opens the door to divine acceptance, while arrogance bars one from mercy. The Prophet's rhetorical questioning style engages listeners and emphasizes the importance of this fundamental spiritual distinction.