I fell ill and lbn 'Umar came to inquire after my health, and I asked him about the glorification of Allah (i. e. prayer) while travelling. Thereupon he said: I accompanied the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on a journey but I did not see him glorifying Him, and were I to glorify (Him). I would have completed the prayer. Allah, the Exalted, has said:" Verily there is a model pattern for you in the Messenger of Allah."
Hadith Commentary
This narration from Sahih Muslim 689b presents a fundamental principle regarding prayer during travel. Ibn 'Umar's statement demonstrates that the Prophet (ﷺ) did not perform voluntary prayers (nafl) while journeying, establishing the sunnah of focusing on obligatory prayers during travel.
Legal Ruling (Fiqh)
The scholars derive from this hadith that voluntary prayers are not recommended during travel, except for the witr prayer and the two rak'ahs of fajr. Ibn 'Umar's declaration "were I to glorify (Him), I would have completed the prayer" indicates that if one begins voluntary prayer while traveling, one must complete it.
Quranic Connection
Ibn 'Umar concludes by citing Quran 33:21: "Verily there is a model pattern for you in the Messenger of Allah." This emphasizes that the Prophet's practice serves as the ultimate example for Muslims in all matters, including worship during travel.
Scholarly Interpretation
Classical commentators note this hadith shows the Prophet's concern for easing difficulties during travel. The concession to omit voluntary prayers reflects Islam's practical nature and consideration for circumstances. This ruling applies to all forms of travel where shortening prayers is permitted.