When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) grew bulky and heavy he would observe (most of his Nafl) prayers sitting.
The Book of Prayer - Travellers
Author: Sahih Muslim | Hadith Reference: Sahih Muslim 732 d
Textual Analysis
The narration indicates that during the latter period of his life, when the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) experienced physical heaviness and bulkiness, he predominantly performed his supererogatory (nafl) prayers in a seated position.
Juridical Ruling
This hadith establishes the permissibility of performing voluntary prayers while sitting, even when one possesses the physical capability to stand. The action of the Prophet (ﷺ) demonstrates that sitting for nafl prayers is a valid and complete form of worship, not merely a concession for those unable to stand.
Spiritual Wisdom
Scholars note that the Prophet's practice teaches us the principle of ease in worship and removing hardship. It shows that Islam accommodates human conditions while maintaining the essence of devotion. The flexibility in supererogatory acts encourages consistency in worship despite changing physical circumstances.
Comparative Jurisprudence
According to classical scholars, while sitting prayers for nafl are complete, the reward is half of that for standing prayers. However, the continuous practice of the Prophet (ﷺ) in his later years indicates that the spiritual benefit remains substantial and divinely accepted.