He who observed the fasts of Ramadan with faith and seeking reward (from Allah), all his previous sins would be forgiven, and he who observed prayer on Lailat-ul- Qadr with faith and seeking reward (from Allah), all his previous sins would be forgiven.
Hadith Commentary
This blessed hadith from Sahih Muslim (Book of Prayer - Travellers, Hadith 760a) establishes two tremendous opportunities for divine forgiveness. The first concerns the complete fasting of Ramadan with proper intention, while the second pertains to the vigilant observance of prayer on the Night of Decree (Lailat-ul-Qadr).
The Condition of Faith and Sincerity
The phrase "with faith and seeking reward" is of paramount importance. "Faith" (iman) signifies the believer's conviction in the truth of Allah's command and the promised reward. "Seeking reward" (ihtisaban) implies performing the act purely for Allah's pleasure, with hope in His mercy and not for worldly praise or habit. These two conditions are the keys that unlock the promise of forgiveness.
Forgiveness of Previous Sins
The comprehensive nature of the forgiveness granted—"all his previous sins would be forgiven"—refers to minor sins. The major sins require specific repentance (tawbah). This divine pardon is a manifestation of Allah's immense mercy, allowing the believer to begin a new, spiritually clean chapter, unburdened by past transgressions, provided they avoid returning to them.
The Virtue of Lailat-ul-Qadr
The specific mention of prayer on Lailat-ul-Qadr highlights its extraordinary status. Worship on this night, which is better than a thousand months, is a unique chance for spiritual elevation. The scholars state that "observed prayer" here encompasses all acts of worship performed on that night—such as the night prayer (Qiyam), recitation of the Qur'an, supplication (dua'), and remembrance of Allah (dhikr).