Get together. for I am going to recite one-third of the Qur'an before you. And those who could get together gathered there. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came out and recited:" Say: He, Allah, is One." He then entered (his house). Some of us said to the others: Perhaps there has been some news from the heaven on account of which he has gone Inside (the house). The Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) again came out and said: I told you that I was going to recite one-third of the Qur'in; keep in mind, this (Surah Ikhlas) is equivalent to one-third of the Qur'an.
The Book of Prayer - Travellers
Author: Sahih Muslim | Hadith Reference: Sahih Muslim 812a
Hadith Commentary
This profound narration demonstrates the exceptional merit of Surah al-Ikhlas (Chapter 112). When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) declared he would recite one-third of the Qur'an, the companions naturally expected a lengthy recitation. Their astonishment at hearing only this short chapter reveals its profound spiritual weight.
Scholars explain that Surah al-Ikhlas encompasses one-third of the Qur'anic message because it comprehensively establishes the fundamental doctrine of Tawhid (Divine Unity). The Qur'an's primary themes are: legislation and rulings, stories and narratives, and the affirmation of Allah's Names and Attributes. This sublime chapter perfectly encapsulates the third category - the pure, unadulterated understanding of Allah's Essence.
The Prophet's (ﷺ) initial departure caused speculation about divine revelation, highlighting how the companions attentively observed his every action. His return to clarify the matter shows his meticulous care in ensuring proper understanding of religious teachings among his followers.
Scholarly Insights
Imam al-Nawawi comments that this hadith establishes the virtue of Surah al-Ikhlas as equivalent to reciting one-third of the Qur'an in reward, though it doesn't replace the obligation of reading the complete scripture.
Ibn al-Qayyim elaborates that the chapter's excellence lies in its comprehensive affirmation of Allah's Unity, Names, and Attributes while negating any imperfections or partners - thus containing the essence of Islamic theology.
This teaching encourages Muslims to reflect deeply upon this chapter's meanings rather than merely reciting it mechanically, for its theological depth justifies its extraordinary status in Islamic tradition.