The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Ten are the acts according to fitra: clipping the moustache, letting the beard grow, using the tooth-stick, snuffing water in the nose, cutting the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the hair under the armpits, shaving the pubes and cleaning one's private parts with water. The narrator said: I have forgotten the tenth, but it may have been rinsing the mouth.
The Book of Purification - Sahih Muslim 261a
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This noble hadith from our Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) enumerates ten acts that are in accordance with the primordial nature (fitra) upon which Allah created mankind. These practices purify the body and soul, aligning the believer with the natural disposition that Allah intended for His creation.
The Meaning of Fitra
Fitra refers to the innate disposition with which Allah created humanity - the natural state of submission to the Creator. These ten acts help maintain this pure state and distinguish Muslims in their appearance and hygiene.
Detailed Explanation of Acts
Clipping the moustache: To trim it short so it doesn't cover the upper lip, demonstrating cleanliness and distinction from non-Muslim practices.
Letting the beard grow: To leave it natural as an emblem of manhood and following the Sunnah, while keeping it neat and clean.
Using the tooth-stick (miswak): For purifying the mouth and pleasing Allah, as prayer with a clean mouth holds greater merit.
Snuffing water in the nose: During ablution to cleanse the nostrils of impurities.
Cutting the nails: To prevent accumulation of dirt and maintain hygiene.
Washing finger joints: Ensuring thorough cleansing during ablution where impurities may accumulate.
Plucking underarm hair: Removing what causes unpleasant odor and maintains cleanliness.
Shaving pubic hair: For purification and preventing accumulation of impurities.
Cleaning private parts with water: After relieving oneself to ensure complete purification.
Rinsing the mouth: The tenth act mentioned by some narrators, completing the purification of the oral cavity.
Scholarly Benefits
These acts combine both spiritual and physical purification. They serve as distinguishing characteristics of Muslims, promote good health, and prepare the believer for acts of worship. The scholars differ on the recommended frequency for some acts, though consensus exists on their obligatory or highly recommended nature. May Allah grant us the ability to consistently practice these sunan of fitra.