The Book of Repentance - Sahih Muslim

Hadith Reference: Sahih Muslim 2751 a

Textual Analysis

This noble hadith qudsi establishes the fundamental principle of divine mercy preceding creation itself. The phrase "when Allah created the creation as He was upon the Throne" indicates Allah's eternal sovereignty and transcendence, while "He put down in His Book" refers to the Preserved Tablet (al-Lawh al-Mahfuz) where divine decrees are recorded.

Scholarly Commentary

The declaration "My mercy predominates My wrath" reveals that divine mercy encompasses all creation, while wrath is specific to disobedience. Scholars explain that mercy is Allah's primary attribute, encompassing both believers and disbelievers in this worldly life, while in the hereafter it becomes specific to the believers.

Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy upon him) states that this hadith demonstrates Allah's mercy precedes His anger, His forgiveness precedes His punishment, and His benevolence precedes His justice. The predominance of mercy means it is more comprehensive, greater in quantity, and takes precedence in divine action.

Practical Implications

This teaching should instill hope in every servant of Allah, encouraging them to turn to Him in repentance and never despair of divine mercy. It reminds us that no matter how great our sins, Allah's mercy is greater, provided we sincerely repent and seek forgiveness.

The hadith also teaches humility, as it reminds us that our very existence is an act of divine mercy, and our ultimate salvation depends not on our deeds alone, but on Allah's encompassing mercy that surpasses all our shortcomings.