When Allah's Messenger (may. peace be upon him) intended to set on an expedition he kept It as a secret, but. be did not do so in thic. expedition. And in the narration transmitted on the authority of Muhammad b. Abdullah b. Muslim, there is no mention of Abu Khaithana (Allah be pleased with him) and no mention of his meeting with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ).
The Book of Repentance - Sahih Muslim 2769 c
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This narration from Sahih Muslim concerns the military expeditions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and contains important strategic wisdom. The classical scholars explain that the Prophet typically kept military expeditions secret to maintain tactical advantage and surprise against enemies. This practice falls under the broader Islamic principles of planning, wisdom in warfare, and protecting Muslim interests.
Scholarly Commentary on Secrecy in Expeditions
Imam al-Nawawi, in his commentary on Sahih Muslim, explains that concealing military movements is a established sunnah when there is benefit in doing so. This demonstrates the Islamic principle of employing wisdom and strategy in all matters, particularly those concerning the protection of the Muslim community.
The exception mentioned in this hadith, where the Prophet did not maintain secrecy in a particular expedition, shows the flexibility of Islamic rulings based on circumstances. Scholars note that when there is no benefit in secrecy, or when announcing the expedition serves a greater purpose such as demonstrating Muslim strength, then secrecy may be abandoned.
Legal and Spiritual Implications
This teaching establishes that strategic planning and military discretion are not only permitted but recommended in Islam. The scholars derive from this that Muslims should employ wisdom in all their affairs, weighing the benefits and harms of revealing or concealing information.
The variation in narrations mentioned at the end demonstrates the meticulous science of hadith transmission, where scholars carefully note differences between narrators to preserve the authenticity and precision of Prophetic traditions.