I heard my father Ka'b b. Malik, and he fas one of those three whose repentance was accepted (by Allah). He transmitted that He never lagged behind Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) from any expedition that he undertook except two expeditions; the rest of the hadith is the same, and in the tradition narrated through another chain of transmitters the words are:" That Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) set out on an expedition with a large number of persons more than ten thousand and this could not be recorded in the census register."
The Book of Repentance - Sahih Muslim 2769 d
This narration from Ka'b b. Malik concerns one of the three Companons whose repentance was accepted by Allah after they remained behind from the Tabuk expedition without valid excuse. The Prophet ﷺ set forth with over ten thousand fighters - a number so vast it could not be properly recorded - demonstrating the significance of this military campaign.
Scholarly Commentary
The scholars explain that this hadith illustrates the gravity of remaining behind from jihad without legitimate excuse. Ka'b's case demonstrates that even righteous companions could fall into error, but sincere repentance leads to divine acceptance.
The mention of "over ten thousand" fighters emphasizes the importance of the Tabuk expedition and the seriousness of abstaining from such a significant religious obligation. The census register's inability to record the exact number indicates the multitude of Muslims responding to the call.
This tradition teaches us about Allah's boundless mercy - how He accepts the repentance of those who sincerely return to Him, regardless of the magnitude of their transgression, provided their remorse is genuine and their resolution firm.
Lessons Derived
Even the most pious can err, but Allah's mercy encompasses all who repent sincerely.
Community participation in collective obligations is essential for Muslim unity and strength.
Divine acceptance of repentance requires truthful admission of fault without excuses.
The magnitude of Muslim forces in early Islam demonstrates the power of faith when properly implemented.